©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
ISTM 610 - Exam 1 Terms with Correct Definitions
Data Communications - Ans:✔✔-The movement of computer information from one point to another by
means of electrical or optical transmission systems.
Telecommunications - Ans:✔✔-A broader term than data communications and includes the transmission
of voice and video (images and graphics) as well as data and usually implies longer distances.
Client - Ans:✔✔-A user device to access a network and receive data from a server. (e.g., web server, mail
server, laptops, tablets, cell phones, etc.)
Server - Ans:✔✔-A device that stores and transmits data to a client. (e.g., web server, mail server, file
server)
Circuit - Ans:✔✔-A pathway or connection between client and server. (e.g., copper wire, fiber optic
cable, wireless)
Local Area Network (LAN) - Ans:✔✔-Covers a small, clearly defined area. Might contain a single floor or
work area or single building. When this uses a wireless circuit, it is called a Wireless [term] (W___)
Backbone Network (BN) - Ans:✔✔-A high-speed network connecting other networks together. May span
hundreds of feet to several miles.
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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Wide Area Network (WAN) - Ans:✔✔-Has the largest geographic scope of networks. Often composed of
leased circuits. May span hundreds or thousands of miles.
Intranet - Ans:✔✔-A network (often a LAN) that uses the Internet technologies to share information
within an organization.
Open only to those inside the organization.
(e.g., employees accessing budgets, calendars, and payroll information available through the
organization's [term])
Extranet - Ans:✔✔-A network that uses the Internet technologies to share information between
organizations.
Open only to those invited users outside the organization.
Accessible through the Internet.
(e.g., suppliers and customers accessing the inventory information of a company over an [term])
Network Models - Ans:✔✔-Divide communication functions into layers.
Two types: Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI model) and Internet Model (or TCP/IP
model)
Protocol - Ans:✔✔-Defines the language of transmission.
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
It specifies the rules, functionality, and messages for communication at the layer.
Protocol Data Unit (PDU) - Ans:✔✔-Contains layer-specific information necessary for a message to be
transmitted through a network.
Each layer adds a [term]
[term]s act like nested envelopes
Encapsulation - Ans:✔✔-Occurs when a higher level Protocol Data Unit is placed inside of a lower level
Protocol Data Unit.
Application - Ans:✔✔-Network Layer
-Purpose: user's access to network, software to perform work.
-Example of Protocols/Standards: HTTP, SMTP, DNS, FTP, DHCP, IMAP, POP, SSL
-Protocol Data Unit (PDU): Packet (or Data)
Transport - Ans:✔✔-Network Layer
-Purpose: end-to-end management: 1) link application layer to network 2)segmenting and tracking
3)flow control
-Example of Protocols/Standards: TCP, UDP
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
ISTM 610 - Exam 1 Terms with Correct Definitions
Data Communications - Ans:✔✔-The movement of computer information from one point to another by
means of electrical or optical transmission systems.
Telecommunications - Ans:✔✔-A broader term than data communications and includes the transmission
of voice and video (images and graphics) as well as data and usually implies longer distances.
Client - Ans:✔✔-A user device to access a network and receive data from a server. (e.g., web server, mail
server, laptops, tablets, cell phones, etc.)
Server - Ans:✔✔-A device that stores and transmits data to a client. (e.g., web server, mail server, file
server)
Circuit - Ans:✔✔-A pathway or connection between client and server. (e.g., copper wire, fiber optic
cable, wireless)
Local Area Network (LAN) - Ans:✔✔-Covers a small, clearly defined area. Might contain a single floor or
work area or single building. When this uses a wireless circuit, it is called a Wireless [term] (W___)
Backbone Network (BN) - Ans:✔✔-A high-speed network connecting other networks together. May span
hundreds of feet to several miles.
Page 1/22
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Wide Area Network (WAN) - Ans:✔✔-Has the largest geographic scope of networks. Often composed of
leased circuits. May span hundreds or thousands of miles.
Intranet - Ans:✔✔-A network (often a LAN) that uses the Internet technologies to share information
within an organization.
Open only to those inside the organization.
(e.g., employees accessing budgets, calendars, and payroll information available through the
organization's [term])
Extranet - Ans:✔✔-A network that uses the Internet technologies to share information between
organizations.
Open only to those invited users outside the organization.
Accessible through the Internet.
(e.g., suppliers and customers accessing the inventory information of a company over an [term])
Network Models - Ans:✔✔-Divide communication functions into layers.
Two types: Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI model) and Internet Model (or TCP/IP
model)
Protocol - Ans:✔✔-Defines the language of transmission.
Page 2/22
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
It specifies the rules, functionality, and messages for communication at the layer.
Protocol Data Unit (PDU) - Ans:✔✔-Contains layer-specific information necessary for a message to be
transmitted through a network.
Each layer adds a [term]
[term]s act like nested envelopes
Encapsulation - Ans:✔✔-Occurs when a higher level Protocol Data Unit is placed inside of a lower level
Protocol Data Unit.
Application - Ans:✔✔-Network Layer
-Purpose: user's access to network, software to perform work.
-Example of Protocols/Standards: HTTP, SMTP, DNS, FTP, DHCP, IMAP, POP, SSL
-Protocol Data Unit (PDU): Packet (or Data)
Transport - Ans:✔✔-Network Layer
-Purpose: end-to-end management: 1) link application layer to network 2)segmenting and tracking
3)flow control
-Example of Protocols/Standards: TCP, UDP
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