Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions
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Pathophysiology Exam 1, Sample Questions & Correct Answers 2024/2025 ( A+
Graded 100% Verified)
1. A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse
recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell: a. number
b. size
c. vacuoles
d. lipofuscin: B. Size
2. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what
type of atrophy? a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
c. Disuse
d. Neurogenic: A. Physiologic
3. When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is
an:
a. increase in size
b. decrease in length
c. increase in excitability
d. decrease in number: A. Increase in size
4. A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory
disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous
epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular
adaption is called: a. anaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia: C. Metaplasia
5. When planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the
mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of: a. compensatory hyperplasia
b. hormonal hyperplasia
c. hormonal anaplasia
d. compensatory anaplasia: B. Hormonal hyperplasia
6. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances.
These cellular changes would be referred to as: a. dysplasia
b. pathologic dysplasia
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions
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c. hyperplasia
d. pathologic hyperplas: D. Pathologic hyperplasia
7. A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis
C. If the cancerous region of his liver is removed, the remaining cells would
undergo:
a. pathologic hyperplasia
b. pathologic metaplasia
c. compensatory hyperplasia
d. compensatory aplasia: C. Compensatory hyperplasia
8. A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and
organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this type of
change? a. Metaplasia
b. Atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Dysplasia: D. Dyspalsia
9. A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most
likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to: a. malnutrition
b. free radicals
c. ischemia
d. chemical toxicity: C. Ischemia
10. A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell
death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the
nurse use to define this process?
a. Adaptation
b. Calcification
c. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis: D. Necrosis
11. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
a. decreased ATP production
b. karyorrhexis
c. ribosome detachment
d. dehydration: A. Decreased ATP production
12. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
a. increased aerobic metabolism
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions
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b. failure of DNA
c. reduced protein synthesis
d. increase Na+ - K+ pump function: C. Reduced protein synthesis
13. A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to
atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart,
reperfusion injury occurs as a result of: a. oxidative stress
b. vacuolation
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. lipid acceptor proteins: A. Oxidative stress
14. A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea,
weakness, tinnitus, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely
expression for these symptoms? a. Lead exposure
b. Carbon monoxide poisoning
c. Ethanol exposure
d. Mercury poisoning: B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
15. A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involved increased intracellular:
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. magnesium
d. calcium: D. Calcium
16. A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor
vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface
of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse
be caring for? a. Subdural hematoma
b. Epidural hematoma
c. Contusion
d. Abrasion: A. Subdural hematoma
17. A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a jagged sharp-
force injury that is longer than it is deep. What type of wound would the nurse be
caring for? a. Stab wound
b. Incised wound
c. Puncture wound
d. Chopping wound: B. Incised wound
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions
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18. A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound
has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments.
This wound would be documented as a(n): a. exit
b. intermediate range entrance
c. contact range entrance
d. indeterminate range entrance: C. Contact range entrance
19. A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault. She has
internal damage to the neck with deep bruising. X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid
bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage. Which of the following most likely caused
her injuries? a. Chemical asphyxiation
b. Choking asphyxiation
c. Ligature strangulation
d. Manual strangulation: D. Manual strangulation
20. A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided in the
development of swelling? a. Increased ATP
b. Chloride movement out of the cell
c. Na+ movement into the cell
d. Decreased oncotic pressure: C. Na+ movement into the cell
21. A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Biopsy of the tumor
reveals Russel bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction. Which
substance should the nurse monitor as it is accumulating in the patients' body? a.
Glycogen
b. Protein
c. Pigment
d. Melanin: B. Protein
22. A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? a. Increased melanin
b. Increased hemoproteins
c. Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA
d. Inability to convert bile to bilirubin: C. Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA 23. A
23-year-old male develops a black eye following a fight. When the aide asks why
this occurred, the nurse's best response is that the bruising is due to an
accumulation of: a. transferrin
b. bilirubin
c. albumin
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8eyj7z
Pathophysiology Exam 1, Sample Questions & Correct Answers 2024/2025 ( A+
Graded 100% Verified)
1. A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse
recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell: a. number
b. size
c. vacuoles
d. lipofuscin: B. Size
2. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what
type of atrophy? a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
c. Disuse
d. Neurogenic: A. Physiologic
3. When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is
an:
a. increase in size
b. decrease in length
c. increase in excitability
d. decrease in number: A. Increase in size
4. A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory
disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous
epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular
adaption is called: a. anaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia: C. Metaplasia
5. When planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the
mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of: a. compensatory hyperplasia
b. hormonal hyperplasia
c. hormonal anaplasia
d. compensatory anaplasia: B. Hormonal hyperplasia
6. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances.
These cellular changes would be referred to as: a. dysplasia
b. pathologic dysplasia
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8eyj7z
c. hyperplasia
d. pathologic hyperplas: D. Pathologic hyperplasia
7. A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis
C. If the cancerous region of his liver is removed, the remaining cells would
undergo:
a. pathologic hyperplasia
b. pathologic metaplasia
c. compensatory hyperplasia
d. compensatory aplasia: C. Compensatory hyperplasia
8. A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and
organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this type of
change? a. Metaplasia
b. Atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Dysplasia: D. Dyspalsia
9. A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most
likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to: a. malnutrition
b. free radicals
c. ischemia
d. chemical toxicity: C. Ischemia
10. A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell
death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the
nurse use to define this process?
a. Adaptation
b. Calcification
c. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis: D. Necrosis
11. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
a. decreased ATP production
b. karyorrhexis
c. ribosome detachment
d. dehydration: A. Decreased ATP production
12. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
a. increased aerobic metabolism
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8eyj7z
b. failure of DNA
c. reduced protein synthesis
d. increase Na+ - K+ pump function: C. Reduced protein synthesis
13. A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to
atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart,
reperfusion injury occurs as a result of: a. oxidative stress
b. vacuolation
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. lipid acceptor proteins: A. Oxidative stress
14. A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea,
weakness, tinnitus, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely
expression for these symptoms? a. Lead exposure
b. Carbon monoxide poisoning
c. Ethanol exposure
d. Mercury poisoning: B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
15. A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involved increased intracellular:
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. magnesium
d. calcium: D. Calcium
16. A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor
vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface
of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse
be caring for? a. Subdural hematoma
b. Epidural hematoma
c. Contusion
d. Abrasion: A. Subdural hematoma
17. A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a jagged sharp-
force injury that is longer than it is deep. What type of wound would the nurse be
caring for? a. Stab wound
b. Incised wound
c. Puncture wound
d. Chopping wound: B. Incised wound
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8eyj7z
18. A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound
has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments.
This wound would be documented as a(n): a. exit
b. intermediate range entrance
c. contact range entrance
d. indeterminate range entrance: C. Contact range entrance
19. A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault. She has
internal damage to the neck with deep bruising. X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid
bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage. Which of the following most likely caused
her injuries? a. Chemical asphyxiation
b. Choking asphyxiation
c. Ligature strangulation
d. Manual strangulation: D. Manual strangulation
20. A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided in the
development of swelling? a. Increased ATP
b. Chloride movement out of the cell
c. Na+ movement into the cell
d. Decreased oncotic pressure: C. Na+ movement into the cell
21. A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Biopsy of the tumor
reveals Russel bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction. Which
substance should the nurse monitor as it is accumulating in the patients' body? a.
Glycogen
b. Protein
c. Pigment
d. Melanin: B. Protein
22. A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? a. Increased melanin
b. Increased hemoproteins
c. Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA
d. Inability to convert bile to bilirubin: C. Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA 23. A
23-year-old male develops a black eye following a fight. When the aide asks why
this occurred, the nurse's best response is that the bruising is due to an
accumulation of: a. transferrin
b. bilirubin
c. albumin
