PSYC 4220 Final Exam Questions and
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one of the issues that is critical especially in designing studies for
developmental investigations is - ✔✔change
changes during development that are orderly, patterned, and enduring are
described as - ✔✔systematic
the continuities of development are aspects that - ✔✔remain stable over
time or reflect the past
two important processes that underline developmental changes are -
✔✔maturation and learning
in the first week after hatchout, chicks improve their accuracy of pecking for
seeds, regardless of their visual experience. this refelcts development from
- ✔✔maturation
suppose researchers found that the average American baby begins to
stand by itself at the age of ten months. this finding is related to ______
development - ✔✔normative
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the strength of a ________ research design is that is selects participants of
different cohorts and follows each cohort over time - ✔✔sequential
generational differences in child-rearing practices suggest that researchers
must pay attention to - ✔✔historical context
_______ research design can provide information about development
changes in behavior over a short period of time (e.g. changes in a
day/week) - ✔✔microgenetic
Rita's parents are concerned about the fact that she is not speaking as well
as her older brother did when he was 2 years old. At a visit to the doctor,
Rita's parents learn that her speech delay is likely due to her frequent ear
infections, which have, at time impaired her hearing. this is an example of
the concept of ? - ✔✔holistic development
suppose that the plasticity principal did not apply to development, if this
were true, it would imply that - ✔✔children who grew up in terrible
circumstances would suffer inevitably from their deficiencies
the study of cohort effects recognizes the importance of ____ on
development - ✔✔historical context
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an example of maturational change would be - ✔✔disappearance of an
infant reflex at a predictable age
for Bendura's cognitive social-learning theory, which of these is not among
the necessary steps for behavioral imitation of an observed models
actions? - ✔✔the model must do positive, socially approved actions
behaviorism and its learning viewpoint assert that - ✔✔development is
totally flexible and is influenced by the child's experiences
subsequent researchers found that piaget tended to ______ the intellectual
abilities of children at each age level - ✔✔underestimate
watsons behavioral learning viewpoint presents development as a(n) _____
process - ✔✔continuous
a child feels guilty because she bought a cheap toy as a birthday gift for a
friend so that she could use all the remaining money to buy a toy for
herself. psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud would claim that her guilty feelings -
✔✔arise from the superego
children who witness domestic violence at home are more likely than others
to become abusive adults later. This outcome is best understood in terms
of _____ theory - ✔✔bandura's cognitive social-learning