Pearson Edexcel AS/A-level
BIOLOGY study terms well
defined 2024
Polymers - Answer large compound formed from combinations
of many monomers
Macromolecules - Answer A very large organic molecule
composed of many smaller molecules
Carbohydrates - Answer the starches and sugars present in
foods
,disaccharides - Answer Carbohydrates that are made up of two
monosaccharides, sucrose, lactose, maltose.
formula of monosaccharides - Answer (CH2O)n
Tricose - Answer n = 3 : C3H6O3
Hexose - Answer n=6 : C6H12O6
Isomers - Answer Two different molecules that have the same
chemical formula e.g. glucose's isomers include alpha and beta
glucose.
condensation reaction - Answer a chemical reaction in which
two or more molecules combine to produce water as a
byproduct
Monosaccharides - Answer Single sugar molecules, simple,
glucose, fructose, galactose.
glycosidic bond - Answer A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond in
which a carbohydrate binds to another group, which could also
,be a carbohydrate. E.g a glycosidic bond is found between the
two glucose molecules in maltose.
Benedict's solution - Answer A chemical indicator that, when
added to a solution and heated, changes from blue to light
green to red in the presence of increasing concentrations of
sugar.
reducing sugars - Answer sugars that react with Benedict's
solution and reduce Copper III ions to copper I ions giving an
orangey-red precipitate
Non-reducing sugar - Answer sugars that do not react with
Benedict's solution.
Oligosaccharides - Answer 3-10 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides - Answer 11+ monosaccharides
Hydrolysis - Answer the chemical breakdown of a compound
due to reaction with water.
, Polysaccharide structure - Answer - Very compact
- Physically and chemically inactive
- not very soluble in water
Starch - Answer storage form of glucose in plants
Amylose - Answer The simplest form of starch, unbranched,
compact, only 1-4 glycosidic bonds for storage, need for an
instant burst of energy
Amylopectin - Answer A complex carbohydrate made up of
glucose monomers joined by both 1,4-glycosidic bonds and 1,6-
glycosidic bonds so the molecules branch repeatedly
What creates branches in starch - Answer 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Glycogen - Answer storage form of glucose in liver and muscle
Glucagon - Answer A protein hormone secreted by pancreas to
break down glycogen into glucose.
BIOLOGY study terms well
defined 2024
Polymers - Answer large compound formed from combinations
of many monomers
Macromolecules - Answer A very large organic molecule
composed of many smaller molecules
Carbohydrates - Answer the starches and sugars present in
foods
,disaccharides - Answer Carbohydrates that are made up of two
monosaccharides, sucrose, lactose, maltose.
formula of monosaccharides - Answer (CH2O)n
Tricose - Answer n = 3 : C3H6O3
Hexose - Answer n=6 : C6H12O6
Isomers - Answer Two different molecules that have the same
chemical formula e.g. glucose's isomers include alpha and beta
glucose.
condensation reaction - Answer a chemical reaction in which
two or more molecules combine to produce water as a
byproduct
Monosaccharides - Answer Single sugar molecules, simple,
glucose, fructose, galactose.
glycosidic bond - Answer A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond in
which a carbohydrate binds to another group, which could also
,be a carbohydrate. E.g a glycosidic bond is found between the
two glucose molecules in maltose.
Benedict's solution - Answer A chemical indicator that, when
added to a solution and heated, changes from blue to light
green to red in the presence of increasing concentrations of
sugar.
reducing sugars - Answer sugars that react with Benedict's
solution and reduce Copper III ions to copper I ions giving an
orangey-red precipitate
Non-reducing sugar - Answer sugars that do not react with
Benedict's solution.
Oligosaccharides - Answer 3-10 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides - Answer 11+ monosaccharides
Hydrolysis - Answer the chemical breakdown of a compound
due to reaction with water.
, Polysaccharide structure - Answer - Very compact
- Physically and chemically inactive
- not very soluble in water
Starch - Answer storage form of glucose in plants
Amylose - Answer The simplest form of starch, unbranched,
compact, only 1-4 glycosidic bonds for storage, need for an
instant burst of energy
Amylopectin - Answer A complex carbohydrate made up of
glucose monomers joined by both 1,4-glycosidic bonds and 1,6-
glycosidic bonds so the molecules branch repeatedly
What creates branches in starch - Answer 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Glycogen - Answer storage form of glucose in liver and muscle
Glucagon - Answer A protein hormone secreted by pancreas to
break down glycogen into glucose.
