NURS 130 - Exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers

NURS 130 - Exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers how do infections occur? - Ans:-when germs enter the body, increase in number, and cause a reaction in the body three things necessary for an infection to occur - Ans:-source -- susceptible host -- transmission source - Ans:-infectious agent or germ and refers to a virus, bacteria, or other microbe. (germs) live (ex. sinks, surfaces, human skin" transmission - Ans:-a way germs are moved to the susceptible person who are a source of germs? - Ans:-patients, healthcare workers, visitors/household members examples of environmental sources of germs - Ans:-Dry surfaces in patient care areas (ex. Bed rails, medical equipment, countertops, tables) Wet surfaces, moist environments, biofilms (ex. Cooling towels, faucets, sinks, ventilators) Indwelling medical devices (catheters, IV lines) Dust or decaying debris (construction dust or wet materials from water leaks) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/34 who is susceotible? - Ans:-someone who is not vaccinated or otherwise immune, or a person with weakened immune system who has a way for the germs to enter the body (IV's, catheters, surgical incisions all provide an entry way) patients with underlying conditions certain medications to treat conditions (steroids, antibiotics) lifesaving medical procedures used in healthcare such as catheters, tubes, and surgery increase risk of infection by providing additional entryways transmission of germs .. - Ans:-germs dont move themselves; they depend on people, the environment, and equipment/surfaces examples of how germs are moved - Ans:-touch; (healthcare provider hands become contaminated by touching germs present on medical equipment or high touch surfaces and then carry the germs on their hands and spread to a susceptible person when proper hand hygiene is not performed before touching the susceptible person) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/34 sprays and splashes; (occur when an infected person coughs or sneezes, creating droplets which carry germs short distances (within approximately 6 feet). These germs can land on a susceptible person's eyes, nose, or mouth and can cause infection (example: pertussis or meningitis) inhalation; (occurs when germs are aerosolized in tiny particles that survive on air currents over great distances and time and reach a susceptible person. Airborne transmission can occur when infected patients cough, talk, or sneeze germs into the air (example: TB or measles), or when germs are aerosolized by medical equipment or by dust from a construction zone (example: Nontuberculous mycobacteria or aspergillus). sharp injuries; (can lead to infections (example: HIV, HBV, HCV) when bloodborne pathogens enter a person through a skin puncture by a used needle or sharp instrument.) how can you protect yourself? - Ans:-hand washing 20 seconds, hand sanitizer 60% alcohol, avoid eyes/nose/mouth with hands standard precautions - Ans:-PPE: personal protective equipment 1. contact precautions 2. droplet precautions ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/34 3. airborne precautions airborne virus - Ans:-*most infectious type - TB is airborne Ex. piece of dust contact - Ans:-*hardest to pass on Ex. Mercia Florence Nightingale - Ans:-() ◦Improved standards of care for war casualties ◦Nursing's first scientist-theorist, nurse researcher ◦Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not ◦Nightingale Training School for Nurses Barton - Ans:-◦() ◦Volunteer nurse in American Civil War ◦Establishment of American Red Cross ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/34 Richards - Ans:-◦() ◦America's first trained nurse ◦Initiated practice of wearing uniforms Mahoney - Ans:-() ◦First African American professional nurse ◦Worked for acceptance and equal opportunity Wald - Ans:-◦() ◦Founder of public health nursing ◦Trained services to poor in NYC slum