©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
AHN 576 MSK Exam Study Guide
Abduction - Ans:✔✔-Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction - Ans:✔✔-Movement toward the midline of the body
Carpal - Ans:✔✔-Pertaining to the bones in the wrist and hand
Phalanges - Ans:✔✔-bones of the fingers, toes
Tarsal - Ans:✔✔-bones of the feet or ankle
Open Fracture (compound) - Ans:✔✔-Open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone
Gustilo classification of open fractures - Ans:✔✔-I - Low energy, wound less than 1 centimeter
II - Wound greater than 1 centimeter with moderate soft tissue damage, flaps or aculsions
III - High energy wound greater than 1 centimeter with extensive soft tissue damage
IIIA - Adequate soft tissue cover
IIIB - Inadequate soft tissue cover with exposed bone
IIIC - Associated with (Cardio) vascular injury that requires repair for limb preservation
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Closed fracture - Ans:✔✔-Broken bone with no puncture or open wound in the skin
nondisplaced fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone ends retain their normal position
displaced fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone ends are out of normal alignment
Transverse fracture - Ans:✔✔-complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the
long axis of the bone
Oblique Fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone
Longitudinal fracture - Ans:✔✔-a fracture that runs along the axis of the bone
Butterfly fracture - Ans:✔✔-When two oblique fractures meet and cause a wide, large wedge between
the two proximal and distal fracture pieces.
Spiral fracture - Ans:✔✔-Fracture that occurs while in motion which causes torsion and the fractures is
around the bone.
a fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted.
Comminuted fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone breaks into two or more fragments
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Segmental fracture - Ans:✔✔-Composed of at least two fracture lines that come together to isolate a
section of bone. Usually diaxis fractures
Impacted fracture - Ans:✔✔-One of the bone fragments is driven into the other fracture
Stellate Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Where the lines of break radiate from a point of injury
Avulsion fracture - Ans:✔✔-Injury to the bone where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone and
causes a piece of bone to be pulled off by the injured tendon or ligament
Compression fracture - Ans:✔✔-generally, occurs in the spongy bone in the spine. For example, the front
portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse due to osteoporosis
Pathological fracture - Ans:✔✔-when an underlying disease or condition has already weakened the
bone, resulting in a fracture
Stress fracture - Ans:✔✔-more common among athletes and in lower extremities.
A bone breaks because of repeated stresses and strains (like running). Can also occur in the elderly
Greenstick fracture - Ans:✔✔-Incomplete fracture. Bone partly fractures on one side but does not break
completely because the rest of the bone can bend. Usually seen in children
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Torus (buckle) fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone deforms but does not crack. More common in children. It is
painful but stable
Dislocation - Ans:✔✔-Disruption in the normal relationship of the articular surfaces of a bone making up
a joint
Mal-union - Ans:✔✔-a fracture that heals with abnormal alignment
Non-union - Ans:✔✔-fracture that is not healing
subluxation - Ans:✔✔-the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
2 point discrimination - Ans:✔✔-ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous pinpricks on the
skin
AP and lateral - Ans:✔✔-Always 2 views of injury
Oblique view - Ans:✔✔-For complex fractures of the femur, humerus, or ankle
Mortis view - Ans:✔✔-AP film with the foot internally rotated at around 10%
Looks at the talus with ankle fxs
Inlet and outlet views - Ans:✔✔-For pelvic fractures
Page 4/91
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
AHN 576 MSK Exam Study Guide
Abduction - Ans:✔✔-Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction - Ans:✔✔-Movement toward the midline of the body
Carpal - Ans:✔✔-Pertaining to the bones in the wrist and hand
Phalanges - Ans:✔✔-bones of the fingers, toes
Tarsal - Ans:✔✔-bones of the feet or ankle
Open Fracture (compound) - Ans:✔✔-Open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone
Gustilo classification of open fractures - Ans:✔✔-I - Low energy, wound less than 1 centimeter
II - Wound greater than 1 centimeter with moderate soft tissue damage, flaps or aculsions
III - High energy wound greater than 1 centimeter with extensive soft tissue damage
IIIA - Adequate soft tissue cover
IIIB - Inadequate soft tissue cover with exposed bone
IIIC - Associated with (Cardio) vascular injury that requires repair for limb preservation
Page 1/91
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Closed fracture - Ans:✔✔-Broken bone with no puncture or open wound in the skin
nondisplaced fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone ends retain their normal position
displaced fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone ends are out of normal alignment
Transverse fracture - Ans:✔✔-complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the
long axis of the bone
Oblique Fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone
Longitudinal fracture - Ans:✔✔-a fracture that runs along the axis of the bone
Butterfly fracture - Ans:✔✔-When two oblique fractures meet and cause a wide, large wedge between
the two proximal and distal fracture pieces.
Spiral fracture - Ans:✔✔-Fracture that occurs while in motion which causes torsion and the fractures is
around the bone.
a fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted.
Comminuted fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone breaks into two or more fragments
Page 2/91
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Segmental fracture - Ans:✔✔-Composed of at least two fracture lines that come together to isolate a
section of bone. Usually diaxis fractures
Impacted fracture - Ans:✔✔-One of the bone fragments is driven into the other fracture
Stellate Fracture - Ans:✔✔-Where the lines of break radiate from a point of injury
Avulsion fracture - Ans:✔✔-Injury to the bone where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone and
causes a piece of bone to be pulled off by the injured tendon or ligament
Compression fracture - Ans:✔✔-generally, occurs in the spongy bone in the spine. For example, the front
portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse due to osteoporosis
Pathological fracture - Ans:✔✔-when an underlying disease or condition has already weakened the
bone, resulting in a fracture
Stress fracture - Ans:✔✔-more common among athletes and in lower extremities.
A bone breaks because of repeated stresses and strains (like running). Can also occur in the elderly
Greenstick fracture - Ans:✔✔-Incomplete fracture. Bone partly fractures on one side but does not break
completely because the rest of the bone can bend. Usually seen in children
Page 3/91
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Torus (buckle) fracture - Ans:✔✔-bone deforms but does not crack. More common in children. It is
painful but stable
Dislocation - Ans:✔✔-Disruption in the normal relationship of the articular surfaces of a bone making up
a joint
Mal-union - Ans:✔✔-a fracture that heals with abnormal alignment
Non-union - Ans:✔✔-fracture that is not healing
subluxation - Ans:✔✔-the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
2 point discrimination - Ans:✔✔-ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous pinpricks on the
skin
AP and lateral - Ans:✔✔-Always 2 views of injury
Oblique view - Ans:✔✔-For complex fractures of the femur, humerus, or ankle
Mortis view - Ans:✔✔-AP film with the foot internally rotated at around 10%
Looks at the talus with ankle fxs
Inlet and outlet views - Ans:✔✔-For pelvic fractures
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