AHN 577 exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers

AHN 577 exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers Inflammation of mucous membrane that lines the surface of the eyeball and inner eyelid - Ans:- conjunctivitis bilateral eye disease with copious, watery discharge and follicular conjunctivitis - Ans:-viral conjunctivitis Common bugs of viral conjunctivitis - Ans:-Adenovirus (associated with fever, pharyngitis, malaise), HSV (typically unilateral), enterococcus or coxacki virus can cause hemorrhagic conjunctivitis purulent discharge, eyelid matting, blurred vision, mild discomfort - Ans:-bacterial conjunctivitis Treatment of viral conjunctivitis - Ans:-symptomatic treatment, artificial tears, typically self limiting to 10 days. Ganciclovir gel and/or oral valacyclovir/acyclovir for HSV conjunctivitis Common bugs of bacterial conjunctivitis - Ans:-Strep, MRSA, pseudomonas, H. flu, moraxella. Gonorrhea can be an emergency Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis - Ans:-Usually self-limiting, 10-14 days. Sulfacetamide drops, gentamycin drops ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/28 treatment of gonorrhea conjunctivitis - Ans:-Rocpehin 500mg IM x1, if over 150kg give 1g IM x1, can rapidly lead to perforation if untreated Chlamydia conjunctivitis treatment - Ans:-leading cause of blindness worldwide. Give 1g azithromycin PO x1, can lead to recurrent episodes in children "Inclusion Conjunctivitis" doxycycline 100mg bid x 7 days ' May need surgical treatment to correct lid deformities and corneal transplants Usually chronic, asymptomatic initially, will see cupping of disc, loss of peripheral visual fields, central vision preserved. IOP 21, usually 30-50mmhg - Ans:-open angle glaucoma Treatment of open angle glaucoma - Ans:-beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, cholinergic agonists. Laser or trabeculectomy Sudden onset of symptoms, eye pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, fixed and dilated non-reactive pupil, nausea, abdominal pain, red eye, steamy cornea - Ans:-closed angle glaucoma. IOP 40-90, EMERGENCY Treatment of closed angle glaucoma - Ans:-Acetazolamide, osmotic diuretics, laser iridectomy once pressures stabilize ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/28 Normal IOP - Ans:-10-21 mmHg; however IOP outside of the range is not pathogenic for glaucoma; it is only simply a risk factor associated with the development or progression of glaucoma Normal "cup to disc" ratio - Ans:-0.1-0.5, if elevated causes "cupping" which suggests glaucoma Corneal Abrasions - Ans:-s/s: severe pain, photophobia Can be caused by organic matter or dirt, with or without tissue necrosis will need tetanus booster within 5 yrs Can be caused by metallic foreign bodies or associated with minimal tissue destruction- tetanus booster in 10 yrs Treatment of corneal abrasions - Ans:-Bacitracin-polymyxin eye ointment Mydriatic -Topical analgesics or oral NSAIDs, - Don't pad eye unless its a laceration - smoking affects healing time (slower) Eye Lacerations - Ans:-If lower lid not involved can be sutured Conjunctiva- sutures not necessary, topical abx to prevent infection ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/28 Corneal or scleral laceration - Ans:-emergent ophthalmology consult cover with shield advise pt not to squeeze eye shut and limit movement Corneal Ulcer - Ans:-a pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury Can be due to neurotrophic keratitis (loss of sensation), exposure keratitis (poor lid closure), allergic eye disease, and inflammatory diseases Conjunctival and corneal foreign bodies - Ans:-H&P: If a patient complains of "something in my eye" and gives a consistent history, a foreign body is usually present on the cornea or under the upper lid. Lab/Diag: Visual acuity should be tested before treatment is instituted. After local anesthetic the eye is examined with a slit-lamp. Corneal foreign bodies may be made more apparent by the instillation of sterile fluorescein. CI: ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/28 They are then removed with a sterile wet cotton-tipped applicator or hypodermic needle. Bacitracin- polymyxin ophthalmic ointment should be instilled. iron containing foreign bodies - Ans:-Can leave a diffuse rust ring in the eye, requires excision under local anesthesia Intraocular foreign bodies - Ans:-Emergency! require treatment by ophthalmologist Contusions= closed globe Injury - Ans:-Can cause black eye, subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal edema, hemorrhage of anterior chamber (hyphema). rupture root of iris (irisdodialysis), dislocation of lens, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage w/detachment, edema, rupture of choroid, orbital floor fracture Hyphema - Ans:-risk of secondary hemorrhage leading to intractable glaucoma with permanent visual loss (canthotomy to decompress) Cataracts - Ans:-decrease in visual acuity, blurred vision,