AHN 577 ID Test Study Guide

AHN 577 ID Test Study Guide How to distinguish gram neg from positive - Ans:-Gram negative is pink stain Gram positive is purple stain Gram positive cocci organisms - Ans:-staph, strep, & Entrococcus Gram positive rods - Ans:-Corynbacerium, Bacillus, Listeria Broad spectrum empiric therapy for gram positive cocci - Ans:-Vancomycin Gram negative cocci - Ans:-Neisseria (meningitis or gonorrhoeae), Moxorella catarrhalis Gram negative rods - Ans:-Enterobacteriaciae, Normal gut flora (E Coli), Vibrio, Shigella, Salmonella, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/49 Psuedomonas, Hemophilus Normal Nasopharynx flora - Ans:-Strep Haemophilus Neisseria Mixed anaerobes Candida Actinomyces Normal Skin flora - Ans:-Staph, Strep Corynebacteria Proprionibacteria Yeasts Normal Gut flora upper bowel - Ans:-Enterobacteriaceae Enterococci ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/49 Candide Normal Gut flora lower bowel - Ans:-Bacteroides Bifidobacteria Clostidium Peptostreptococci Normal Vaginal flora - Ans:-Lactobacilli Strep Corynebaceria Candide Actinomyces Mycoplasma hominis Culture interpretation is dependent on - Ans:-Complete clinical picture (H/P, SSX. Labs, etc) Method of collection Gram stain results ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/49 Cellular evidence Broad spectrum ABX - Ans:-Promotes resistance to both normal and pathogenic flora (Use if cause unknown) Narrow spectrum - Ans:-Confines resistance to fewer organisms Therapeutic considerations of ABX therapy - Ans:-Is infection present Use narrowest spectrum, least toxic, least invasive, and least expensive medication thats most effective. Interventional concepts of ABX therapy - Ans:-Observe w/o ABX Prophylactic (Dental work w/ artifical heart valve) Empiric Therapy (Awaiting cultures) Specific Therapy (Based on cultures) Bacterial Meningitis organisms - Ans:-S. Pneumonea Neisseria Menigitides ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/49 Gram neg group B strep ( 50yoa) Viral Meningitis organisms - Ans:-HSV, EBV Varicella zoster Coxsackievirus Menigitis ssx - Ans:-HA + Fever (#1) AMS and nuchal rigidity + Kernigs or Brudzinski's signs Kernigs sign - Ans:-Flex hip while lying flat - hamstring contracts and unable to extend knee Brudzinski's sign - Ans:-Passive neck flexion leads to spontaneous hip and knee flexion Meningitis DX - Ans:-CT if increased ICP or to r/o lesions LP if no lesions BC if lesions LP w/o CT for meningitis with mass present - Ans:-can cause brain stem herniation (100% mortality) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 6/49 Meningitis Empiric TX - Ans:-Vanc + Ceftriaxone + Amp if 50 yoa Meningitis (S. pneumo or N. Meningitides) TX - Ans:-Dexamethasone IV prior to ABX then Q6H What should you watch for when treating meningitis? - Ans:-Vascular overload Seizures Cerebral edema Consult ID Menigococcal meningitis TX - Ans:-Prophylactic ABX if possible contact w/ infected. Viral meningitis TX - Ans:-Self-limiting. Tx per CSF results. CSF findings for bacterial meningitis - Ans:-Increased pr