AHN 577 Infectious Disease Part 1 Study Guide

AHN 577 Infectious Disease Part 1 Study Guide What is SAAR? - Ans:-Standard Antimicrobial Administration Ratio Measures observed antibiotic use compared to predicted use Colonization - Ans:-Presence of microorganisms without tissue invasion/damage Gram stain - Ans:-Differentiation of bacteria based on cell wall characteristics Staphylococcus - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram positive cocci Streptococcus - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram positive cocci Enterococcus - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram positive cocci Corynebacterium - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram positive rods Bacillus - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram positive rods Listeria - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram positive rods Neisseria - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative cocci Moxorella catarrhalis - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative cocci ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/15 Enterobacter - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative rod normal gut flora - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative rod vibrio - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative rod Shigella - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative rod Salmonella - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative rod Pseudomonas - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative rod Haemophilus - gram stain and morphology - Ans:-gram negative rod Which bacteria are anaerobes? - Ans:-gut flora, actinomyces, bacteriodes Which bacteria are mycobacterium? - Ans:-Tuberculosis Which bacteria are fungi? - Ans:-candida, aspergillus Which bacteria are rickettsia? - Ans:-RMSF Which bacteria are parasites? - Ans:-Giardia lamblia, pneumocystis jiroveci Which bacteria are spirochetes? - Ans:-Treponema pallidum Characteristics of meningitis - Ans:--Considered ID emergency ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/15 -Inflamed meninges act like space-occupying lesions, damaging brain tissue Common bacterial/viral causes of meningitis? - Ans:-BACTERIAL: S. pneumonia, N. meningitides, gram negative bacilli or group B strep in age 50 VIRAL: HSV, EBV, Varicella Zoster, Coxsackievirus Clinical manifestations of meningitis - Ans:-Headache Fever Nuchal rigidity AMS Positive Kernig's / Brudzinski's signs Petechial/purpuric rash Less likely: photophobia, seizures Diagnosing meningitis - Ans:-Lumbar puncture - CSF for gram stain, culture, & AFB Empiric bacterial meningitis treatment - Ans:-Ceftriaxone and vancomycin (add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected) Decadron in meningitis - Ans:-Most beneficial for S. pneumonia ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/15 Unknown benefit for N. meningitides Prophylactic treatment for intimate contact with meningitis - Ans:-If meningococcal meningitis is source Treatment for viral meningitis - Ans:-Usually self-limiting; treatment toward specific virus Endocarditis characteristics - Ans:-Infection of valvular/endocardial surface of heart Etiology of endocarditis - Ans:--Native/prosthetic valve disease -Transient bacteremia following invasive procedures -IV drug use Common causative organisms of endocarditis - Ans:-S. aereus (most common) Streptococci Enterococci Coag negative staphylococci HACEK organisms - normal oral-pharyngeal flora