BIO 116 Exam 1 questions with correct answers

BIO 116 Exam 1 questions with correct answers All viruses have: genetic material, capsomeres, an envelope, ribosomes - Ans:-genetic material & capsomeres basal taxon - Ans:-first to diverge from common ancestor identify the statement which CORRECTLY describes all clades. a. include an ancestral species & some of its descendants b. members are grouped together based on morphology c. they are groups that don't share a common ancestor d. they are monophyletic groups - Ans:-d. they are monophyletic groups Identify the statement which CORRECTLY describes evolution. a. genetic changes over generations within a population b. results from evolutionary adaptations within individuals ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/27 c. occurs by natural selection d. decreases the number of individuals within a species by eliminating alleles - Ans:-a. genetic changes over generations within a population An elephant at the zoo has been diagnosed with a viral infection. Hypothesize which of the following is TRUE regarding the phylogenetics of the elephant and the virus. a. They are sister taxa because the elephant is infected with the virus. b. They form a polytomy because the virus is a disease and the elephant is the host. c. The elephant is in the domain Eukarya while the virus is not classified in a domain. d. The elephant and virus are in the same domain, but not in the same kingdom. - Ans:-c. the elephant is in the domain Eukarya while the virus is not classified in a domain Identify which of the following does NOT occur during the lysogenic cycle of viral reproduction. a. Prophage integrates into bacterial chromosome b. Host cell lyses c. Phage DNA replicated d. Host cell divides - Ans:-b. host cell lyses ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/27 Why are most viruses host specific? a. Viruses infect the first cell that they encounter. b. Weaker host cells are more susceptible to a virus. c. Viruses only recognize specific receptor proteins. d. The initial choice is random, but once a cell is chosen it becomes the preferred host. - Ans:-c. viruses only recognize specific receptor proteins Correctly sequence the lytic cycle. I. Destruction of host cell plasma membrane II. Interaction between proteins on capsid and receptors on host cell plasma membrane III. Viral DNA enters cell IV. Synthesis of capsomeres V. Self-assembly - Ans:-II - III - IV - V - I Identify which of the following are components of prokaryotic cells. a. Mitochondria b. Cellulose cell wall c. Nucleus ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/27 d. Ribosomes - Ans:-d. ribosomes Correctly sequence the process of binary fission. I. Daughter cells separate II. Origin of replication begins replicating III. Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell IV. Cell elongates - Ans:-II - III - IV - I Identify which of the following contribute to high levels of genetic variation in a population sexually reproducing prokaryotes. I. Rapid reproduction II. Mutation III. Meiosis IV. Transduction V. Heterokaryons - Ans:-a. I, II, IV Compare and contrast transduction, transformation, and conjugation in bacteria. Which statements are TRUE? ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/27 I. Only conjugation involves a plasmid II. All three are mechanisms of vertical gene transfer III. All three are mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer IV. Only transduction uses a phage to transport DNA V. All three result in increased genetic diversity - Ans:-I, III, IV, V Compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea. Which of the following statements are TRUE? I. Only Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls. II. Archaea are more often associated with extreme environments. III. Bacteria must be aerobic; Archaea can be aerobic or anaerobic. IV. Bacteria are more closely related to eukaryotes than Archaea. - Ans:-I & II An elephant in the zoo has been diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Hypothesize the likely mode of action of the drug that the veterinarian prescribes. The drug: a. targets ribosomes so that they no longer function. b. disrupts capsid formation. c. destroys peptidoglycan. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 6/27 d. cleaves single-stranded DNA. - Ans:-c. destroys peptidoglycan Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that is an obligate anaerobe and a chemoheterotroph. Based on this information, which of the following must be TRUE about this organism? I. Its mitochondria use oxygen for respiration. II. Its carbon comes from an inorganic source III. It requires at least one organic nutrient IV. Its energy comes from a chemical source V. It can produce ATP - Ans:-III, IV, V Identify which of the following can be found in eukaryotic cells. I. Plastids II. Peptidoglycan cell wall III. Nucleus IV. Ribosomes - Ans:-I, III, IV Identify the derived trait of all eukaryotic cells that is the result of