©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIO 116 Lab Final Exam Study Guide
Accuracy (Lab 4) - Ans:✔✔-measuring and dispensing the correct volume
Precision (Lab 4) - Ans:✔✔-getting the correct volume to the correct, exact location
Transgenic Crop - Ans:✔✔-Genetic material is transferred between 2 different species to achieve a
desired trait
Gene of interest - Ans:✔✔-yields desired characteristic
Promoter - Ans:✔✔-noncoding segment of DNA upstream of the gene of interest; tells RNA polymerase
where to start transcription
Genetic marker - Ans:✔✔-used to identify modified cells
Basic Steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Ans:✔✔-Denature protein with heat --> cool sample to allow
short, complementary DNA primers to anneal target DNA --> Heat to optimal temperature for the
enzyme DNA polymerase to copy DNA template
How does gel electrophoresis works? - Ans:✔✔-Agarose gel placed in buffer solution with electrical
current • DNA travels towards positive pole
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Will shorter or longer DNA strands move further in gel electrophoresis? - Ans:✔✔-shorter
What enzymes are required for PCR to work? - Ans:✔✔-DNA primers, DNA polymerase, DNA nucleotides
Identify the correct sequence of PCR steps to complete a single cycle - Ans:✔✔-Denature, anneal
primers, extend primers
The stages of PCR mimic which cellular process? - Ans:✔✔-DNA replication
What is the optimal temperature for the function of DNA polymerase used in PCR? - Ans:✔✔-72 C
DNA has an overall _____ charge - Ans:✔✔-negative
Agarose gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by - Ans:✔✔-polarity
During electrophoresis, DNA will travel toward - Ans:✔✔-positive electrode
When you examine your gel following electrophoresis, any wild type sample should have ___ bands, and
genetically modified samples should have ___ bands. - Ans:✔✔-1, 2
When an organism is genetically modified, the ________ of interest is interested into the circular DNA of
a _______________ which then infects the organism. - Ans:✔✔-gene, bacteria
Why do we need two different primers in the PCR reaction to amplify a specific product? - Ans:✔✔-one
primer attaches to the top strand of DNA and one attaches to the bottom strand. This allows to the
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
exponential amplification of the DNA sequence, allowing us to produce 2^35 times the amount of DNA.
This would not be possible with one primer.
What would happen if you only add one primer to your reaction? - Ans:✔✔-it would be at a much slower
pace than when we add two primers.
What is the purpose of the Discussion section of a lab report? - Ans:✔✔-The purpose of the discussion
section of a lab report is to interpret your results and state whether or not if they support your
hypothesis. It's important to explain how your results relate to previous studies and to discuss the
implications of your results. The discussion section can all suggest improvements on the experimental
design for future studies.
What is the purpose of the Introduction section of a lab report? - Ans:✔✔-The purpose of the
introduction section of a lab report is to provide background information and context for the study. It's
important to explain the hypothesis and/or question being investigated to show that you understand
how your study relates to the objectives and concepts of the lab and to current scientific research.
You have a small tree in your yard that is the height that you want it, but does not have as many
branches as you want. How can you prune it in order to increase the number of branches? - Ans:✔✔-Cut
off the tips of the main shoots
Which statement BEST describes how plant hormones interact? - Ans:✔✔-The effect of a specific plant
hormone is dependent not only on its concentration in a particular tissue, but the concentration of other
plant hormones in that tissue as well
Page 3/18
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIO 116 Lab Final Exam Study Guide
Accuracy (Lab 4) - Ans:✔✔-measuring and dispensing the correct volume
Precision (Lab 4) - Ans:✔✔-getting the correct volume to the correct, exact location
Transgenic Crop - Ans:✔✔-Genetic material is transferred between 2 different species to achieve a
desired trait
Gene of interest - Ans:✔✔-yields desired characteristic
Promoter - Ans:✔✔-noncoding segment of DNA upstream of the gene of interest; tells RNA polymerase
where to start transcription
Genetic marker - Ans:✔✔-used to identify modified cells
Basic Steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Ans:✔✔-Denature protein with heat --> cool sample to allow
short, complementary DNA primers to anneal target DNA --> Heat to optimal temperature for the
enzyme DNA polymerase to copy DNA template
How does gel electrophoresis works? - Ans:✔✔-Agarose gel placed in buffer solution with electrical
current • DNA travels towards positive pole
Page 1/18
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Will shorter or longer DNA strands move further in gel electrophoresis? - Ans:✔✔-shorter
What enzymes are required for PCR to work? - Ans:✔✔-DNA primers, DNA polymerase, DNA nucleotides
Identify the correct sequence of PCR steps to complete a single cycle - Ans:✔✔-Denature, anneal
primers, extend primers
The stages of PCR mimic which cellular process? - Ans:✔✔-DNA replication
What is the optimal temperature for the function of DNA polymerase used in PCR? - Ans:✔✔-72 C
DNA has an overall _____ charge - Ans:✔✔-negative
Agarose gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by - Ans:✔✔-polarity
During electrophoresis, DNA will travel toward - Ans:✔✔-positive electrode
When you examine your gel following electrophoresis, any wild type sample should have ___ bands, and
genetically modified samples should have ___ bands. - Ans:✔✔-1, 2
When an organism is genetically modified, the ________ of interest is interested into the circular DNA of
a _______________ which then infects the organism. - Ans:✔✔-gene, bacteria
Why do we need two different primers in the PCR reaction to amplify a specific product? - Ans:✔✔-one
primer attaches to the top strand of DNA and one attaches to the bottom strand. This allows to the
Page 2/18
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
exponential amplification of the DNA sequence, allowing us to produce 2^35 times the amount of DNA.
This would not be possible with one primer.
What would happen if you only add one primer to your reaction? - Ans:✔✔-it would be at a much slower
pace than when we add two primers.
What is the purpose of the Discussion section of a lab report? - Ans:✔✔-The purpose of the discussion
section of a lab report is to interpret your results and state whether or not if they support your
hypothesis. It's important to explain how your results relate to previous studies and to discuss the
implications of your results. The discussion section can all suggest improvements on the experimental
design for future studies.
What is the purpose of the Introduction section of a lab report? - Ans:✔✔-The purpose of the
introduction section of a lab report is to provide background information and context for the study. It's
important to explain the hypothesis and/or question being investigated to show that you understand
how your study relates to the objectives and concepts of the lab and to current scientific research.
You have a small tree in your yard that is the height that you want it, but does not have as many
branches as you want. How can you prune it in order to increase the number of branches? - Ans:✔✔-Cut
off the tips of the main shoots
Which statement BEST describes how plant hormones interact? - Ans:✔✔-The effect of a specific plant
hormone is dependent not only on its concentration in a particular tissue, but the concentration of other
plant hormones in that tissue as well
Page 3/18
