BIO 252 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

BIO 252 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Describe the Enteric Nervous System - Ans:-Part of the ANS as a division/ parallel of the Parasympathetic. It is a LOCAL system, has more neurons that the spinal cord and is called the "small brain". Since it is local it uses Local reflexes, but still does communicate with the CNS some via the Vegas Nerve/Parasympathetic, so also long nerves It is independent of the nervous system, it still gets signals but functions on its own ... wut (lets talk) Long vs Local Reflex - Ans:-Long involves the CNS while the local does not, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/24 Describe what happens when you smell ravioli - Ans:-Sense receptors signal to the CNS, CNS communicates with ANS, the ANS sends long reflexes to cells of the digestive system to start creating Gastric juices. Why is the Digestive Tract considered to be outside of your body? - Ans:-It is exposed to the outside world via the mouth and the bumhole. Basically is just a disassembly line. What are the 2 parts of the Digestive System? - Ans:-The Digestive Tract The Accessory Organs (Teeth, Pancreas...) How much digestion does the esophagus do? - Ans:-None, trick question, hehe The food is only in your throat for a few seconds so there is no digestion, only propulsion. What are the 4 parts of the stomach? - Ans:-Cardia - Top part near Heart (Cardiac Sphincter Fundus - Upper region, Little digestion here, just stores juices. Body - main region of digestion Pyloric Region - Bottom, but of course it is again subdivided into... ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/24 Pyloric Atrium which thins into the Pyloric Canal which ends at the Pyloric Sphincter. What is the role of the Cardiac and Pyloric Sphincter? - Ans:-Cardiac acts like a one way valve to allow food down the esophagus and into the stomach and doesn't let stuff come up because of the acidity. Pyloric is at the end of the stomach and connects to the small intestine, is used to let small portions at a time into the small intestine for digestion What are the 3 main roles of the stomach - Ans:-Storage - It is real big and the small intestine needs time to digest/absorb so it stores a lot of food until the small intestine is ready. Digestion of Proteins - very important for this but does little for carbs and lipids. Immune - Very acidic to help combat all of the pathogens you eat. YUM What type of tissues faces the lumen? - Ans:-Epithelial What are the different types of muscles in the stomach and what do they do? - Ans:-Longitudinal - fibers that extend length of stomach (most external) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/24 Circular - oriented beneath longitudinal at 90 degrees. These are used for Peristalsis Makes stomach unique cause it has 3... Oblique - the most internal muscle that is diagonal to the other muscles and is responsible for mechanical digestion (churning). Wut is peristalsis - Ans:-the involuntary contraction/relaxation of the longitudinal and circular muscles that moves food down the GI Tract. What happens if you eat upside down? - Ans:-Your weird But, the digestive process takes longer because it is working agains