BIO 353 Quiz 1 with Complete Solutions

BIO 353 Quiz 1 with Complete Solutions Extant - Ans:-cells that exist and are alive currently extinct - Ans:-dead species, no longer exist ATP - Ans:-energy commodity of cell, driving force for reactions of life paramecium - Ans:-swims by multiple rows of cilia that beat in a synchronized pattern, rotating along the long axis. Eat bacteria, yeast, and other small microorganisms oral groove - Ans:-stuff is scooped into it while swimming, particles then enter the gullet where it is digested and nutrients are absorbed anal pore - Ans:-undigested particles go out here rotifer - Ans:-predator, eats paramecia paramecia escape tactic - Ans:-shed all cilia to confuse predator, must sit in mud for several days to allow cilia to grow back contractile vacuole - Ans:-in paramecia, it spits out excess water in the cell ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/13 Why are cells small? - Ans:-At a certain diameter, oxygen and nutrients can't diffuse into interior of cell, nor can waste products be removed How do social systems help cells? - Ans:-They divide up labor by specializing certain cells for special functions. Form precursors of different tissues. How does division of labor help cells? - Ans:-Enables the organism to be more robust, can engage in many activities Totipotent embryonic stem cell - Ans:-Can become an endoderm, mesoder, or ectoderm endoderm - Ans:-lung, pancreas mesoderm - Ans:-heart muscle, red blood cell ectoderm - Ans:-skin, neuron Induced pluripotent stem cells - Ans:-adult bone marrow, skin, cord blood, and deciduous teeth Cell shape is related to ___________ - Ans:-cell function Cell type - Ans:-a means of recognizing the subdivision of labor in the social system of a multicellular organism (diff phenotype and a diff function of the cell) Neuron - Ans:-present in the nervous system of the body, a principle function is to provide pathway for action potentials used in cell communication ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/13 Cilia in epithelium - Ans:-line our bronchioles, move mucus out of the lungs until it reaches the top of the throat, where it is then swallowed and destroyed by the acids in the stomach dendritic cell - Ans:-antigen presenting, engulfs pathogens and digests them into small pieces which are presented on the cell surface, and migrate to the lymph system T or B lymphocytes - Ans:-if antigens are recognized by these, the cells become activated and this results in an immune response in vitro - Ans:-cells taken out of the body, placed in a culture plate, provided nutrients, growth factors, and a correct growth temperature Transformation - Ans:-mutation in a single gene. Takes cells half way to cancerous state, before it becomes aneuploid and then full cancerous Cancer cells can divide - Ans:-Even when the nutrients, temperature, pH, and other factors aren't optimal Cells like to _________ in cell culture plates - Ans:-flatten out from their original spherical shape, until a small bulge (the nucleus) is visible