©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIO 353 Study Guide exam 1 with
Complete Solutions
The cell - Ans:✔✔-The basic unit of structure and function in living things
What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? - Ans:✔✔-nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
smooth ER
rough ER
mitochondria
What are the 3 major disciplines involved with studying biology? - Ans:✔✔-bioimaging
biochemistry
mol. biology/genetics
Page 1/22
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is light microscopy? - Ans:✔✔-visible light passes through a series of lenses to produce a magnified
image
What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? - Ans:✔✔-.2 nm
Define resolution - Ans:✔✔-Describes the degree of clarity, detail, and sharpness of an image
Define magnification - Ans:✔✔-the ratio of an object's image size to its real size
what is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? - Ans:✔✔-ability to image LIVE cells
State of cells when using amplitude contrast - Ans:✔✔-fixed/dead
Describe amplitude contrast - Ans:✔✔-a form of contrast generated by the absorption of selective wave
lengths from the visible light spectrum
Describe phase contrast microscopy - Ans:✔✔-dependent on light refraction
contrast formed b/c different parts have different densities
State of cells when using phase contrast? - Ans:✔✔-living
epifluorescence microscopy - Ans:✔✔-detection of specific molecules/ions/organelles that are MADE
fluorescent by coupling them to a flourochrome marker
indirect immunofluorescence - Ans:✔✔-i. cells/tissues fixed
Page 2/22
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
ii. exposed to primary antibody, antibody binds to specific protein (ie antigen)
iii. exposed to secondary antibody that is coupled to a flourochrome marker
What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures (direct method)? -
Ans:✔✔-Green Fluorescent Protein binds the flourescent sntibody to the corresponding antigen on the
target protein
Whats the advantage of using GFP? - Ans:✔✔-cells are ALIVE
What are vital fluorescent dyes (direct method)? - Ans:✔✔-harmless dyes used to stain living tissue for
observation
confocal microscopy - Ans:✔✔-a light microscope that uses fluorescent stains and laser to make two-
and three-dimensional images
Advantages of confocal microscopy - Ans:✔✔-increased clarity of images and resolution
What is electron microscopy? - Ans:✔✔-technique used for obtaining high resolution images of
specimens
transmission electron microscope - Ans:✔✔-used to study the internal structure of cells
Advantage of electron microscope - Ans:✔✔-shorter wavelength of electron beam= increased resolution
and magnification
Page 3/22
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIO 353 Study Guide exam 1 with
Complete Solutions
The cell - Ans:✔✔-The basic unit of structure and function in living things
What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? - Ans:✔✔-nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
smooth ER
rough ER
mitochondria
What are the 3 major disciplines involved with studying biology? - Ans:✔✔-bioimaging
biochemistry
mol. biology/genetics
Page 1/22
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is light microscopy? - Ans:✔✔-visible light passes through a series of lenses to produce a magnified
image
What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? - Ans:✔✔-.2 nm
Define resolution - Ans:✔✔-Describes the degree of clarity, detail, and sharpness of an image
Define magnification - Ans:✔✔-the ratio of an object's image size to its real size
what is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? - Ans:✔✔-ability to image LIVE cells
State of cells when using amplitude contrast - Ans:✔✔-fixed/dead
Describe amplitude contrast - Ans:✔✔-a form of contrast generated by the absorption of selective wave
lengths from the visible light spectrum
Describe phase contrast microscopy - Ans:✔✔-dependent on light refraction
contrast formed b/c different parts have different densities
State of cells when using phase contrast? - Ans:✔✔-living
epifluorescence microscopy - Ans:✔✔-detection of specific molecules/ions/organelles that are MADE
fluorescent by coupling them to a flourochrome marker
indirect immunofluorescence - Ans:✔✔-i. cells/tissues fixed
Page 2/22
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
ii. exposed to primary antibody, antibody binds to specific protein (ie antigen)
iii. exposed to secondary antibody that is coupled to a flourochrome marker
What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures (direct method)? -
Ans:✔✔-Green Fluorescent Protein binds the flourescent sntibody to the corresponding antigen on the
target protein
Whats the advantage of using GFP? - Ans:✔✔-cells are ALIVE
What are vital fluorescent dyes (direct method)? - Ans:✔✔-harmless dyes used to stain living tissue for
observation
confocal microscopy - Ans:✔✔-a light microscope that uses fluorescent stains and laser to make two-
and three-dimensional images
Advantages of confocal microscopy - Ans:✔✔-increased clarity of images and resolution
What is electron microscopy? - Ans:✔✔-technique used for obtaining high resolution images of
specimens
transmission electron microscope - Ans:✔✔-used to study the internal structure of cells
Advantage of electron microscope - Ans:✔✔-shorter wavelength of electron beam= increased resolution
and magnification
Page 3/22
