©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIOL 301 Exam 1 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Griffith - Ans:✔✔-injected mice with bacteria, discovered concept of transformation
Sia & Dawson - Ans:✔✔-repeated Griffith's experiment in vitro, proved that mice had nothing to do with
transformation
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty - Ans:✔✔-used DNase, RNase, and protease to determine that DNA is the
factor in transformation
Hershey and Chase - Ans:✔✔-used radioactive isotopes of P and S to determine that DNA is the genetic
material
Frankel-Conrat - Ans:✔✔-used RNA and proteins in TMV to determine that RNA is the genetic material in
RNA viruses
purines - Ans:✔✔-A & G, double ring
pyrimidines - Ans:✔✔-C, T, U, single ring
Watson and Crick - Ans:✔✔-discovered double-helix model of DNA
Page 1/16
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Chargaff - Ans:✔✔-T=A, C=G, T+C=A+G
distance between base pairs - Ans:✔✔-3.4 angstroms, 10bp per turn
H bonds between A&T - Ans:✔✔-2 H bonds
H bonds between C&G - Ans:✔✔-3 H bonds
bonding in double helix - Ans:✔✔-H bonds between bp
hydrophobic bonds between adjacent bp
chromatin - Ans:✔✔-DNA + histones
1 nucleosome= - Ans:✔✔-1 H1, 2 H2a, 2 H2b, 2 H3, 2 H4
centromeres - Ans:✔✔-where spindle fibers attach
telomeres - Ans:✔✔--prevent deoxyribonucleases from degrading ends of DNA
-prevent fusion of ends of DNA strands
-facilitate in replication of ends w/o loss of material
Meselson and Stahl - Ans:✔✔-demonstrated semiconservative replication by using heavy isotopes of N
in E.coli; 1st gen was half heavy, 2nd gen was a quarter heavy
Page 2/16
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Taylor, Woods, and Hughes - Ans:✔✔-demonstrated semiconservative replication in eukaryotic cells by
using 3H-thymidine in root tips; used autoradiography to determine radioactivity of chromosomes
John Cairns - Ans:✔✔-discovered origin of replication in E.coli
prokaryotic origin of replication - Ans:✔✔--one per chromosome
-245 nt pairs long
-13bp sequence in 3 tandem repeats, A:T rich
-9bp sequence repeated 4 times (TTATNCANA)
origin of replication in yeast - Ans:✔✔-ARS; 50bp long and includes ATTTATPuTTTA
eukaryotic origin of replication - Ans:✔✔-multiple origins in one molecule
Inman and Schnos - Ans:✔✔-used A:T rich clusters as markers to demonstrate that replication of lambda
chromosome is initiated at a unique origin and proceeds bidirectionally
Arthur Kornberg - Ans:✔✔-demonstrated in vitro synthesis with purified DNA polymerase I
main replicase in E.coli - Ans:✔✔-DNA pol III
leading strand - Ans:✔✔-5-3
lagging strand - Ans:✔✔-overall 3-5
Page 3/16
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIOL 301 Exam 1 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Griffith - Ans:✔✔-injected mice with bacteria, discovered concept of transformation
Sia & Dawson - Ans:✔✔-repeated Griffith's experiment in vitro, proved that mice had nothing to do with
transformation
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty - Ans:✔✔-used DNase, RNase, and protease to determine that DNA is the
factor in transformation
Hershey and Chase - Ans:✔✔-used radioactive isotopes of P and S to determine that DNA is the genetic
material
Frankel-Conrat - Ans:✔✔-used RNA and proteins in TMV to determine that RNA is the genetic material in
RNA viruses
purines - Ans:✔✔-A & G, double ring
pyrimidines - Ans:✔✔-C, T, U, single ring
Watson and Crick - Ans:✔✔-discovered double-helix model of DNA
Page 1/16
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Chargaff - Ans:✔✔-T=A, C=G, T+C=A+G
distance between base pairs - Ans:✔✔-3.4 angstroms, 10bp per turn
H bonds between A&T - Ans:✔✔-2 H bonds
H bonds between C&G - Ans:✔✔-3 H bonds
bonding in double helix - Ans:✔✔-H bonds between bp
hydrophobic bonds between adjacent bp
chromatin - Ans:✔✔-DNA + histones
1 nucleosome= - Ans:✔✔-1 H1, 2 H2a, 2 H2b, 2 H3, 2 H4
centromeres - Ans:✔✔-where spindle fibers attach
telomeres - Ans:✔✔--prevent deoxyribonucleases from degrading ends of DNA
-prevent fusion of ends of DNA strands
-facilitate in replication of ends w/o loss of material
Meselson and Stahl - Ans:✔✔-demonstrated semiconservative replication by using heavy isotopes of N
in E.coli; 1st gen was half heavy, 2nd gen was a quarter heavy
Page 2/16
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Taylor, Woods, and Hughes - Ans:✔✔-demonstrated semiconservative replication in eukaryotic cells by
using 3H-thymidine in root tips; used autoradiography to determine radioactivity of chromosomes
John Cairns - Ans:✔✔-discovered origin of replication in E.coli
prokaryotic origin of replication - Ans:✔✔--one per chromosome
-245 nt pairs long
-13bp sequence in 3 tandem repeats, A:T rich
-9bp sequence repeated 4 times (TTATNCANA)
origin of replication in yeast - Ans:✔✔-ARS; 50bp long and includes ATTTATPuTTTA
eukaryotic origin of replication - Ans:✔✔-multiple origins in one molecule
Inman and Schnos - Ans:✔✔-used A:T rich clusters as markers to demonstrate that replication of lambda
chromosome is initiated at a unique origin and proceeds bidirectionally
Arthur Kornberg - Ans:✔✔-demonstrated in vitro synthesis with purified DNA polymerase I
main replicase in E.coli - Ans:✔✔-DNA pol III
leading strand - Ans:✔✔-5-3
lagging strand - Ans:✔✔-overall 3-5
Page 3/16
