Biology 301 Ecology and Evolution- Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Biology 301 Ecology and Evolution- Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their environment - Ans:- Ecology · The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms - Ans:-ecology · Change in a population's gene pool over time - Ans:-evolution · Science of the origins of biological diversity and its distribution - Ans:-evolution the most fundamental unit of ecology (membrane that separates internal processes from the external environment - Ans:-individual individuals of the same species living in a particular area and interbreeding (geographic range, abundance, density, change in size, composition) - Ans:-population populations of species living together in a particular area - Ans:-community ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/12 one or more communities of living organisms interacting with their nonliving physical and chemical environments (cycling of matter within and between ecosystems) - Ans:-ecosystem all ecosystems on earth (linked together by exchanges of wind and water and by the movement of organisms) - Ans:-biosphere understands how adaptations or characteristics of an individual's morphology, physiology, and behavior enable it to survive in an environment - Ans:-individua approach examines variation in the number, density, and composition of individuals over time and space. - Ans:-population approach understands the diversity and interactions of organisms living together in the same place - Ans:- community approach describes the storage and transfer of energy and matter - Ans:-ecosystem approach examines movements of energy and chemicals over the Earth's surface - Ans:-biosphere approach a change in the frequency of alleles in a population through differential survival and reproduction of individuals that possess certain phenotypes (individuals with higher fitness will pass more copies of their genes to the next generation, and that phenotype will come to dominate - Ans:-natural selection 1. Individuals in a population vary in their traits ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/12 2. Some of these differences are heritable; they are passed on to offspring 3. variation in traits causes some individuals to experience higher fitness - Ans:-Darwin's 4 Postulates when an organism kills and consumes individuals - Ans:-predation when one organism lives in or on another organism - Ans:-Paraistism when one organism consumes producers - Ans:-herbivory when two organisms that depend on the same resources have a negative effect on each other - Ans:- competition · when two species benefit from each other - Ans:-mutualism when two species live in close association and one receives a benefit, whereas the other is unaffected - Ans:-Commensalism · the place or physical setting, where an organism lives, distinguished by physical features such as dominant plant type - Ans:-habitat · the range of abiotic and biotic conditions as organism can tolerate - Ans:-niche ideas that potentially explain a repeated observation - Ans:-hypothese statements that arise logically from hypothesis - Ans:-predictions ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/12 · where a hypothesis is tested by altering a factor hypothesized to be the cause of a phenomenon - Ans:-manipulative experiment the factor that we want to manipulate in a study - Ans:-mani. exper. Treatment a treatment that includes all aspects of an experiment expect the factor