Biology 116 Exam 1 study guide with complete solutions

Biology 116 Exam 1 study guide with complete solutions What are the 5 types of ecology? - Ans:-organismal, population, community, global, and ecosystem What is organismal ecology? - Ans:-studies a single organism and how it interacts with its environment ex: salmon, study how interact with organisms in and around the stream What is population ecology? - Ans:-Studying how the number and distribution of individuals in a population change over time What is community ecology? - Ans:-The nature of interactions between species and the consequences of those interactions What is ecosystem ecology? - Ans:-study how the nutrients and energy move among organisms and through the surrounding atmosphere and soil or water. (includes abiotic factors) What is global ecology? - Ans:-Quantify the effects of human impact on the biosphere. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/9 What is conservation biology? - Ans:-the effort to study, preserve, and restore threatened genetic diversity in populations, species diversity in communities, and ecosystem function What are the abiotic factors that determine the distribution of organisms? - Ans:-temperature, moisture regime, salinity, water depth, flow regime in water. What is a niche? - Ans:-The range of conditions that a species can tolerate and the range of resources it can use. What are the biotic factors that determine the distribution of organisms? - Ans:-Competition, parasites, disease, habitat (like the yucca plant for the yucca moths- use them to lay eggs) What is the Wallace line? - Ans:-It is a trench in the ocean that separates species with Asian and Australian affinities, biological demarcation. Why is temperature a particularly important abiotic factor? - Ans:-It is important in determining the range of a species because it has a huge impact on the physiology of organisms, they are limited in their ability to regulate body temperature What is the difference between weather and climate? - Ans:-Climate is the LONG TERM weather conditions in an area, while weather in the SHORT TERM conditions of temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/9 Why are the tropics warm and the poles cold? - Ans:-Because of the angles of the sun, areas near the equator get way more sunlight per unit area than the poles. And the sun strikes at lower angles at the poles, much less energy is received per unit area. Why are the tropics wet? - Ans:-Hadley cells allow for the flow of air, and warmer air from the tropics holds more water, as the air cools/rises it produces rain. Band of deserts at around 30 latitude What is the Coriolis effect? - Ans:-The spinning of the earth on it's axis causes it, it makes the air and water in the northern hemisphere move clockwise, and counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. What causes seasonality? - Ans:-the tilt of the earths axis in regard to the sun What is the productivity and biomass in Arctic Tundras? - Ans:-low productivity, species diversity, and aboveground biomass. Low average precipitation, -20 to 0 te