©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Biology 116 Exam 1 Study Guide
Taxonomy - Ans:✔✔-science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Phylogeny - Ans:✔✔-evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
What is the taxonomy scale? - Ans:✔✔-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the three domains? - Ans:✔✔-1) Bacteria
2) Eukaryotes
3) Archaea
What is evolution? - Ans:✔✔-1) descent with modification
2) change in alleles over time
allele - Ans:✔✔-alternate form of a gene
natural selection - Ans:✔✔-when the environment acts on a phenotype
-requires diversity
what are three types of diversity? - Ans:✔✔-1) genetic
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
2) species
3) ecosystem and community
What are two ways to get genetic diversity? - Ans:✔✔-1) meiosis
2) crossing over
monophyletic - Ans:✔✔--best option for phylogeny
-one path of evolution
paraphyletic - Ans:✔✔-2 paths of evolution
polyphyletic - Ans:✔✔--worst option for phylogeny
-more than two paths of evolution
branch point - Ans:✔✔-where lineage diverges
-also called node
sister taxa - Ans:✔✔--common immediate ancestor with common branch point
-only 2
basal taxon - Ans:✔✔--most ancient taxon
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-least related branch
polytomy - Ans:✔✔--not an error, but when individuals share a common ancestor whose evolution is
unknown
the characteristics of a virus include __________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Non living
2) No cells: only genetic material and protein
3) Metabolism: requires a cell
4) Reproduction: obligate inter cellular parasite
virus - Ans:✔✔-genetic material surrounded by protein
capsid - Ans:✔✔--protein coat that surrounds DNA or RNA
-made of capsomeres
host - Ans:✔✔-species that is infected
The general virus reproductive cycle includes _____________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Virus binds to host
2) Genome enters cell
3) Host copies viral genome and produces proteins
4) New virus assembles
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
5) New virus exits host
virulent phage - Ans:✔✔--kills host at the end of the virus life cycle
-only uses the lytic cycle
temperate phage - Ans:✔✔--kills host at the end of lytic cycle
-can be in either lytic or lysogenic cycle, but leaves for the lytic cycle when active
lytic cycle - Ans:✔✔-virus kills host at the end of the cycle
-ends in death of a host cell with a virulent phage
ex: T4
The steps for the lytic cycle include __________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Attachment
2) Entry of phage DNA and degradation of host DNA
3) synthesis of viral genomes and protein
4) Self assembly
5) release (lyse)
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Biology 116 Exam 1 Study Guide
Taxonomy - Ans:✔✔-science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Phylogeny - Ans:✔✔-evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
What is the taxonomy scale? - Ans:✔✔-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the three domains? - Ans:✔✔-1) Bacteria
2) Eukaryotes
3) Archaea
What is evolution? - Ans:✔✔-1) descent with modification
2) change in alleles over time
allele - Ans:✔✔-alternate form of a gene
natural selection - Ans:✔✔-when the environment acts on a phenotype
-requires diversity
what are three types of diversity? - Ans:✔✔-1) genetic
Page 1/54
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
2) species
3) ecosystem and community
What are two ways to get genetic diversity? - Ans:✔✔-1) meiosis
2) crossing over
monophyletic - Ans:✔✔--best option for phylogeny
-one path of evolution
paraphyletic - Ans:✔✔-2 paths of evolution
polyphyletic - Ans:✔✔--worst option for phylogeny
-more than two paths of evolution
branch point - Ans:✔✔-where lineage diverges
-also called node
sister taxa - Ans:✔✔--common immediate ancestor with common branch point
-only 2
basal taxon - Ans:✔✔--most ancient taxon
Page 2/54
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-least related branch
polytomy - Ans:✔✔--not an error, but when individuals share a common ancestor whose evolution is
unknown
the characteristics of a virus include __________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Non living
2) No cells: only genetic material and protein
3) Metabolism: requires a cell
4) Reproduction: obligate inter cellular parasite
virus - Ans:✔✔-genetic material surrounded by protein
capsid - Ans:✔✔--protein coat that surrounds DNA or RNA
-made of capsomeres
host - Ans:✔✔-species that is infected
The general virus reproductive cycle includes _____________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Virus binds to host
2) Genome enters cell
3) Host copies viral genome and produces proteins
4) New virus assembles
Page 3/54
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
5) New virus exits host
virulent phage - Ans:✔✔--kills host at the end of the virus life cycle
-only uses the lytic cycle
temperate phage - Ans:✔✔--kills host at the end of lytic cycle
-can be in either lytic or lysogenic cycle, but leaves for the lytic cycle when active
lytic cycle - Ans:✔✔-virus kills host at the end of the cycle
-ends in death of a host cell with a virulent phage
ex: T4
The steps for the lytic cycle include __________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Attachment
2) Entry of phage DNA and degradation of host DNA
3) synthesis of viral genomes and protein
4) Self assembly
5) release (lyse)
Page 4/54
