©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
STR Exam Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
Asset-Based Approach - Ans:✔✔--An asset-based (or strengths-based) approach to education builds
learning around a student's strengths and existing knowledge, rather than focusing on what they lack.
-the asset-based approach views diversity in thought, culture, and traits as positive assets that should be
valued.
-based on the idea that teaching to a student's strengths helps them to feel valued, build their
confidence, and reach their full potential. The approach seeks to celebrate differences and eliminate
biases that hold back certain student demographics, especially those with disabilities, students of color,
and English language learners (ELLs).
deficit-based approach: - Ans:✔✔-focuses on students' shortcomings.
instructional strategies that work well in an asset-based teaching approach: - Ans:✔✔--continually
adjusting flexible groupings according to each child's current assessed knowledge and skills
-providing students with freedom of choice and autonomy in their learning
-drawing on prior knowledge that students bring into the classroom
Page 1/45
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Dyslexia - Ans:✔✔--learning disorder that affects a student's ability to read, spell, write, and speak.
-Students identified as having dyslexia typically experience some or all of the following characteristics:
1. difficulty with phonological awareness (including phonemic awareness)
2. difficulty reading words in isolation
3. difficulty decoding unfamiliar words
4. slow, inaccurate, or labored (without prosody) oral reading
5. difficulty spelling
6. limited reading fluency
-As a result, these students often experience difficulties in reading comprehension and/or written
expression and limited vocabulary growth due to limited reading experiences.
Early Indicators for dyslexia: - Ans:✔✔-1. Preschool:
-Delayed speech
-Difficulty with rhyming
-Difficulty pronouncing words
-Poor auditory memory of nursery rhymes and chants
Page 2/45
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-Difficulty adding new words to vocabulary
-Poor word retrieval skills (or inability to recall the right word)
-Trouble learning and naming letters and numbers
-Dislike of print (e.g. doesn't enjoy following along as a book is read aloud)
2. Kinder-1st:
-Difficulty breaking words into smaller parts or syllables
-Difficulty identifying and manipulating sounds
-Difficulty remembering the names of letters and their sounds
-Difficulty decoding single words (reading words in isolation)
-Difficulty spelling words phonetically (the way that they sound) or remembering letter sequences of
common words often seen in print
2nd-3rd:
*Previously described behaviors still exist along with:
-Difficulty recognizing common sight words
-Difficulty recalling the correct sounds for letters and letter patterns in reading
Page 3/45
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-Difficulty connecting speech sounds with appropriate letter combinations and omitting letters in words
for spelling
-Difficulty reading fluently
-Difficulty decoding unfamiliar words
-Reliance on picture clues, story theme, or guessing at words
-Difficulty with written expression
Dyslexia Instruction: - Ans:✔✔-Should focus on structured, systematic, and explicit instruction in the
following:
-Phonological awareness (including phonemic awareness) - identifying and manipulating sounds
-Sound-symbol association (alphabetic principle) - knowledge of the speech sounds and corresponding
letter or letter combinations
-Syllabication - rules related to the types and division of syllables
-Orthography - the written spelling patterns and rules in a language
-Morphology - the study of how morphemes (units of meaning) are combined to form words
-Syntax - the set of principles regarding the sequence and function of words in a sentence
-Reading comprehension strategies
Page 4/45
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
STR Exam Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
Asset-Based Approach - Ans:✔✔--An asset-based (or strengths-based) approach to education builds
learning around a student's strengths and existing knowledge, rather than focusing on what they lack.
-the asset-based approach views diversity in thought, culture, and traits as positive assets that should be
valued.
-based on the idea that teaching to a student's strengths helps them to feel valued, build their
confidence, and reach their full potential. The approach seeks to celebrate differences and eliminate
biases that hold back certain student demographics, especially those with disabilities, students of color,
and English language learners (ELLs).
deficit-based approach: - Ans:✔✔-focuses on students' shortcomings.
instructional strategies that work well in an asset-based teaching approach: - Ans:✔✔--continually
adjusting flexible groupings according to each child's current assessed knowledge and skills
-providing students with freedom of choice and autonomy in their learning
-drawing on prior knowledge that students bring into the classroom
Page 1/45
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Dyslexia - Ans:✔✔--learning disorder that affects a student's ability to read, spell, write, and speak.
-Students identified as having dyslexia typically experience some or all of the following characteristics:
1. difficulty with phonological awareness (including phonemic awareness)
2. difficulty reading words in isolation
3. difficulty decoding unfamiliar words
4. slow, inaccurate, or labored (without prosody) oral reading
5. difficulty spelling
6. limited reading fluency
-As a result, these students often experience difficulties in reading comprehension and/or written
expression and limited vocabulary growth due to limited reading experiences.
Early Indicators for dyslexia: - Ans:✔✔-1. Preschool:
-Delayed speech
-Difficulty with rhyming
-Difficulty pronouncing words
-Poor auditory memory of nursery rhymes and chants
Page 2/45
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-Difficulty adding new words to vocabulary
-Poor word retrieval skills (or inability to recall the right word)
-Trouble learning and naming letters and numbers
-Dislike of print (e.g. doesn't enjoy following along as a book is read aloud)
2. Kinder-1st:
-Difficulty breaking words into smaller parts or syllables
-Difficulty identifying and manipulating sounds
-Difficulty remembering the names of letters and their sounds
-Difficulty decoding single words (reading words in isolation)
-Difficulty spelling words phonetically (the way that they sound) or remembering letter sequences of
common words often seen in print
2nd-3rd:
*Previously described behaviors still exist along with:
-Difficulty recognizing common sight words
-Difficulty recalling the correct sounds for letters and letter patterns in reading
Page 3/45
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-Difficulty connecting speech sounds with appropriate letter combinations and omitting letters in words
for spelling
-Difficulty reading fluently
-Difficulty decoding unfamiliar words
-Reliance on picture clues, story theme, or guessing at words
-Difficulty with written expression
Dyslexia Instruction: - Ans:✔✔-Should focus on structured, systematic, and explicit instruction in the
following:
-Phonological awareness (including phonemic awareness) - identifying and manipulating sounds
-Sound-symbol association (alphabetic principle) - knowledge of the speech sounds and corresponding
letter or letter combinations
-Syllabication - rules related to the types and division of syllables
-Orthography - the written spelling patterns and rules in a language
-Morphology - the study of how morphemes (units of meaning) are combined to form words
-Syntax - the set of principles regarding the sequence and function of words in a sentence
-Reading comprehension strategies
Page 4/45
