Chamberlain bios 252 exam 1 questions and answers

Chamberlain bios 252 exam 1 questions and answers skeletal muscle - Ans:-- long, thin, cylindrical in shape - multinucleated - attached to bone & skin - voluntary - striated cardiac muscle - Ans:-- short, fat, branched - uninucleated - in heart - attached to intercalated discs - involuntary - striated ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/17 smooth muscle - Ans:-- in hollow organs - ininucleated - involuntary - lack striations excitability - Ans:-responsiveness to chemical signals, stretch, and electrical changes across the plasma membrane conductivity - Ans:-local electrical excitation sets off a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber contractility - Ans:-shortens when stim extensibility - Ans:-capable of being stretched b/w contractions elasticity - Ans:-returns to its original rest length after being stretched organization of skeletal muscle - Ans:-microfilaments, myofibril, muscle fiber, muscle fascicle, and skeletal muscle endomysium - Ans:-thin sleeve of loose CT around each fiber perimysium - Ans:-thicker layer of CT that wraps fascicles ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/17 fascicles - Ans:-bundles of muscle fibers wrapped together epimysium - Ans:-fibrous sheath surrounding entire muscle what are the components of the sarcomere - Ans:-z disc, m line, a band, i band, zone of overlap, thick filament, thin filament, zone of overlap, sarcomere z disc - Ans:-narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense materials that separate on sarcomere from the next a band - Ans:-dark, middle part of sarcomere that extends entire length of thick filaments & includes those part of thin filaments that overlap thick filament s i band - Ans:-lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that contains remainder of thin filaments but no thick filaments * z disc passes thru center of each I band h zone - Ans:-narrow region in center of each a band that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments m line - Ans:-region in center of h zone that contains proteins that hold thick filament together at center of sarcomere fibrous (F) actin - Ans:-2 intertwined strands ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/17 - string of globular (G) actin subunits each w/ active site that can bind head of myosin molecule troponin molecule - Ans:-small, Ca2+- binding protein on each tropomyosin molecule 1st step of sliding filament theory - Ans:-myosin pulls on actin, causing thin filament to slide inward * ratchet along filaments 2nd step of sliding filament theory - Ans:-z discs move towards each other, & sarcomere shortens 3rd step of sliding filament theory - Ans:-thanks to structural proteins, there is a transmission of force throughout the entire muscle * resulting in whole muscle contraction 4th step of sliding filament theory - Ans:-changes in I band & H zone as muscle contracts how do muscles derive the ATP necessary to power contraction cycle? - Ans:-1. hydroly