CSNN Cellular Biology Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

CSNN Cellular Biology Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 6 Kingdoms of Life - Ans:-Bacteria (Prokaryotes): Archbacteria and Eubacteria Eukaryotes: Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals Bacteria - Ans:-A member of a large group of unicellular microorganism that lacks organelles and an organized nucleaus, including some that cause disease Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells - Ans:-The first is: - bacteria - Small Cell - Unicellular - no nucleus - DNA Circular (no proteins) - Ribosomes are small ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/11 - No cytoskeleton - Reproduction asexual The second is: - plant, animal, fungi and protist - larger cell - often multicelular - has nucleus - DNA linear with proteins to form chomatin - Ribosomes are small - Always has cytoskeleton - Reproduction asexual or sexual 4 types of bacteria feeding habits - Ans:-Autotrophs - produce their own food they can use sunlight and CO2 to photosynthisize their own food. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/11 Heterotrophs - have enzymes that can break down larger organisms into smallers ones for food or building material. Sprophytes - Feed on dead organic matter resulting in food spoilage. Parasites - live off different hosts, either as normal flora or as an infectious disease. Archbacteria - Ans:-Old Bacteria (Prokaryote) different kinds of bacterias that lives in harsh conditions. They are still prokaryotic because they do not contain a true nucleus. Eubacteria - Ans:-True Bacteria (Prokaryote) microscopic single-celled organisms. They are sometimes referred to as the "true bacteria," differentiating them from Archaebacteria, similar organisms with some significant genetic and lifestyle differences. Protists - Ans:-Organisms in the kingdom of life. These organisms are eukaryotes, meaning they are made up of single or multiple cells which all contain a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. A diverse group of eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. Organisms in this kingdom include amoebae, red algae, dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglena and slime molds. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/11 Fungi - Ans:-A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts (single cell), and molds (multicellular); they have rigid cell walls but lack chlorophyll. Mushrooms can save the world. Plants - Ans:-Any multicellular eukaryotic organism that performs photosynthesis to obtain its nutrition; plants comprise one of the five kingdoms in the most widely used classification of living organisms. Animals - Ans:-A living organism having sensation and the power of voluntary movement and requiring for its existence oxygen and organic food; animals constitute one of the five kingdoms of living organisms. Role of enzymes - Ans:-Organic substances (proteins) composed of amino acids that trigger and regulate chemical reactions in the body. There are over 700 identified human types. They are biological catalysts that are composed of proteins. They function to speed