Drexel NURS 549 CARDIOVASCULAR Study Guide Solutions

Drexel NURS 549 CARDIOVASCULAR Study Guide Solutions Diuretics - Ans:-Ion transport inhibitors that impact reabsorption of electrolytes. The movement of H2O is incidental by an osmotic gradient Types of Diuretics - Ans:-1. Loop- most efficacious, work outside of the lumen 2. Thiazide- only one with active site on the luminal surface, needs decent renal perfusion (GFR 30) 3. Potassium sparing- important for electrolyte manipulation. Only available PO Side Effects - Ans:-1. Dry mouth 2. Electrolyte imbalance 3. Thiazides have unintended effect of excretion if other solutes *potentiate uric acid retention! Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Ans:-Relieve workload by preventing sympathetic stimulation of beta 1 receptors in the heart. Also prevent renin release and water retention in the kidneys. **Some BB are not beta 1 specific or lose specificity in high doses! Blockade of beta 2 receptors in the lung can be a problem in patients with reactive airway disease ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/12 Beta 1 Selective Drugs - Ans:-1. Atenolol (Tenormin) 2. Penbutolol (Levarol) 3. Acebutolol (Sectral) 4. Metoprolol (Lopressor) 5. Esmolol (Brevibloc) Beta 1 and Beta 2 - Ans:-1. Propranolol (Inderal) 2. Nadolol (Corgard) 3. Pindolol (Visken) 4. Carvedilol (Coreg) 5. Labetolol (Trandate) Nebivolol (Bystolic) - Ans:-The most cardioselective BB that also increases nitric oxide release. ONLY indication is for hypertension BB Side Effects - Ans:-1. Bradycardia 2. Hypotension 3. CHF - can worsen cases of profound HF ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/12 4. B2 receptor inhibition: -Bronchospasm -inability to launch sympathetic response -Fatigue, weakness -inability to ejaculate -CNS depression (may be used for anxiety) BB Contraindications - Ans:-1. Bradycardia 2. Heart block beyond 1st degree 3. Reactive airway disease BB Drug Interactions - Ans:-1. Antacids decrease absorption of everything 2. Anticholinergics increase absorption by slowing down motility Carvedilol (Coreg) - Ans:-1. Beta and alpha blocker 2. Alpha blockade produces vasodilation (norepinephrine) 3. Beta blockage is not selective ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/12 4. Decreases both CO and PVR. 5. Decent at controlling blood pressure 6. CHF, HTN and LV dysfunction after MI Alpha blockers MOA - Ans:-Vasodilate arteries by way of blocking norepinephrine. Not typically used 1st line because they're not very efficacious. May have off label use for managing nightmares Alpha Blockers - Ans:-1. Prazosin (Minipress) 2. Terazosin (Hytrin) 3. Doxazosin (Cardura) Alpha Blocker Side Effects - Ans:-1. Orthostatic Hypotension 2. Headache (pain sensitive arteries become dilated) 3. Drowsiness 4. N/V 5. Impotence ACE Inhibitors MOA - Ans:-Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to II. Angiotensin II binds to receptors causing vasoconstriction, stimulates aldosterone release and