DrexelNURS549 Pulmonary Drugs Exam Study Guide

DrexelNURS549 Pulmonary Drugs Exam Study Guide COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - Ans:-A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. Asthma - Ans:-inflammation is primary problem what do we do for pulmonary disorders? - Ans:-reduce inflammation stimulate bronchodilation block bronchoconstriction cough - Ans:-major protective mechanism we have to keep irritants and debris out of airway cough receptors - Ans:-located in trachea (smoothe muscle and cartilaginous rings, incapable of constriction Goblet cells secrete - Ans:-mucus for protection which trap foreign debri ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/24 cilia in lungs - Ans:-The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner- moves the debri up and toward the mouth debri greater than - Ans:- Epinepherine (adrenaline) - Ans:-binds to beta adrenergic 2 receptors & produces bronchodilation-- keeps the bronchi dilated, offers no resistance to air flow (normal lungs- bronchi are surrounded by epi) sympathetic CSN parasympathetic innervation - Ans:-comprised of muscarinic receptors and bursts of acetylcholine as needed to Broncho constrict; at rest there is no parasympathetic influence acetylcholine - Ans:-released in smoothe muscle of bronchi causing bronchoconstriction Anticholinergics - Ans:-parasympathetic system/ cholinergic system that causes bronchoconstriction with lung insult GI - Slows motility, spasm Eyes - Dilates pupils *DO NOT GIVE TO GLAUCOMa PTS* Heart - Increase HR Resp - bronchodilator (Atrovent) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/24 produces mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction and is designed to protect - Ans:-anticholinergic Ipratropium Bromide - Ans:-short acting Atrovent Anticholinergic- vagally medicated bronchoconstriction Tiotropium Bromide - Ans:-Spiriva. LAMA (long acting muscarinic agent) blocks vagally medicated bronchoconstriction TCA, first generation antihistamines, opiates, antidiarrheal, bladder antispasmodics - Ans:- anticholinergic effects Antihistamines - Ans:-block the binding of histamine receptors in the bronchi- RESCUE TX given after the trigger causes bronchoconstriction sedating or non-sedating Histamine - Ans:-Chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability of capillaries.(triggers bronchoconstriction) Sedating Antihistamines H1 receptor - Ans:-Diphenhydramine Meclizine-Antivert or Bonamine hydroxyzine- Vistaril ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/24 Chlorpheniramine- ChlorTrimeton cross blood brain barrier- some effect on cough; anticholinergic affects non-sedating antihistamines H2 receptor - Ans:-Fexofenadine (Allegra) (Des)Loratadine (Claritin) Cetirizine (Zyrtec) antihistamine (anticholinergic effects) - Ans:-tachycardia, sedation, constipation, urinary retention Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists - Ans:-block either the synthesis of leukotrienes or the binding to their receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle what blocks bronchoconstriction more specifically on the path of inflammation than antihistamines? - Ans:-Leukotriene Receptor Agonist corticosteroids - Ans:-suppress inflammation early in cascade. Blocks formation of precursors to compounds that trigger mast cell stimulation/ blocks the liberation of arachidonic acid from cell membrane How do glucocorticoids work? - Ans:-Increases anti-inflammatory agents by interacting with glucocorticoid response elements, inhibition of phospholipase A2, & C (which stops free arachidonic acid- stops prostaglandins/thromboxanes & leukotrienes ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/24 how do lipoxygenase inhibitors work? - Ans:-if lipoxygenase is inhibited or blocked then leukotrienes will not be released Leukotrienes - Ans:-Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions. Lipoxygenase pathway - Ans:-Pathway involved in converting AA into leukotrienes and lipoxins Lipoxygenase inhibitors - Ans:-5-lipoxygenase not affected by NSAIDS inhibit leukotriene prod (Zileuton) or block leukotriene receptors (Mon