Eatright prep Questions and Answers

Eatright prep Questions and Answers Compare the nutritional value of egg white and egg yolks - Ans:-Egg white is a high-quality, fat-free source of protein; it is also a good source of niacin, riboflavin, potassium and magnesium Egg yolk contains all of the egg's fat; vitamins A, D, and E; and zinc; it also is a source of cholesterol. A patient's weight has decreased from 200 to 180 in the past 3 months. What is the percent weight change?f - Ans:-% Weight Change = Usual body weight (UBW) − Current BW/UBW x 100 Patient: 200 − 180/200 x 100 = 10% During the nutrition focused physical exam, you find that your patient has koilonychia, what is the most likely cause of koilonychia and what nutrition strategy should be recommended to the patient? - Ans:-Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails) may indicate that your patient has a diet-related iron deficiency. Modifications should be made to the diet by increasing iron through foods or supplementation. When would a foodservice kitchen opt to use the L-shape variation of parallel design? - Ans:-A foodservice kitchen may be designed as an L-shape when there is insufficient space to use the back-to- back or face-to-face setup. The L-shape is well suited for accessing several groups of equipment. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/109 What is a convection oven? - Ans:-In a convection oven, heat is transferred through hot air circulated from a fan. Describe fat-soluble vitamins in terms of absorption, transport, and storage - Ans:-Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed like fat into the lymphatic system, then the blood. They must travel with protein carriers and are stored in the liver or fatty tissue. Describe water-soluble vitamins in terms of absorption, transport, and storage - Ans:-Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the blood. They travel freely throughout the body; usually excess amounts are excreted through the kidneys. Define intracellular water and extracellular water - Ans:-Intracellular Water (ICW): Water that's contained within the cell Extracellular Water (ECW): The water in plasma, lymph, spinal fluid, secretion, and ICW around and between the cells; accounts for 20% of body weight What vitamin deficiency is a likely cause of night blindness? - Ans:-Night blindness is one of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency. When is vitamin A intake a concern in pregnant women? - Ans:-Vitamin A intake in pregnant women is concerning when the vitamin A is preformed (ie, in supplement form). Vitamin A intakes that exceed the tolerable upper limit can lead to congenital birth defects in the eyes, skull, lungs, and heart. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/109 What are the DRI and tolerable upper intake level for vitamin A for adults? - Ans:-DRI for men: 900 mcg/day DRI for women: 700 mcg/day, need more during lactation UL: 3000 mcg/day or 10,000 IU What is the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D for adults? - Ans:-Tolerable upper intake level: 100 mcg (4000 IU)/day What does 2% on a milk label indicate? - Ans:-Milkfat is 2% of the total weight of the milk Identify the DRI and tolerable upper intake level for vitamin E for adults - Ans:-DRI: 15 mg/day UL: 1000 mg/day Identify the DRI, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity for vitamin K - Ans:-Men: 120 mcg/day Women: 90 mcg/day Vitamin K deficiency can cause bruising and abnormal bleeding due to its critical role in blood clotting. Deficiency may also decrease bone density and, as a result, increase the risk for osteoporosis. For individuals taking anticoagulants, vitamin K toxicity can also block the effect of these therapeutic medications. However, vitamin K toxicity is rare in healthy populations. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/109 List the symptoms associated with a vitamin C deficiency - Ans:-Patient may experience weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin problems consistent with scurvy; fatigue; bleeding gums; bruises; bone fragility; joint pain; frequent infections; and slow wound healing. Identify the DRI and tolerable upper intake level for vitamin C. - Ans:-Men: 19+ years: 90 mg/day Women: 19+ years: 75 mg/day Pregnant women: 85 mg/day Lactating women: 120 mg/day Smokers: Add 35 mg/day UL: 2000 mg/day What are the classic signs of severe vitamin K deficiency? - Ans:-Bleeding and hemorrhage are the classic signs of severe vitamin K deficiency. Describe the different components of energy expenditure - Ans:-Basal metabolism: Energy needed to maintain life. Largest component (60%-65%) Physical activity: Energy required for different activity levels Thermic effect of food: Energy required to process food in the body ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/109 Define anabolism - Ans:-Anabolism, also referred to as "building up," is a metabolic phase that involves synthesis of simple molecules to form more complex molecules. Anabolism and catabolism are the chemical processes that comprise metabolism. Define catabolism - Ans:-Catabolism is the breakdown of a body compound. A catabolic reaction takes large molecules and breaks them apart to small molecules. Why do fat-soluble vitamins present a greater risk than water-soluble vitamins when intake is higher than recommended? - Ans:-Excess water-soluble vitamins are excreted, but excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver. Higher-than-recommended doses of fat-soluble vitamins can result in toxicity. What are some factors that can affect an individual's basal metabolic rate? - Ans:-Age Sex Body size Body composition Define the calculation for total body water - Ans:-Total body water (TBW) = Intracellular fluid + Extracellular fluid Define insensible fluid loss - Ans:-Insensible fluid loss is the amount of body fluid that the body loses daily via the respiratory system, skin, and excreted stool. Insensible fluid loss cannot be easily measured; ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 6/109 however, in the average adult who has no comorbidities, the estimated range is 40 mL/day to 800 mL/day. Define sensible water loss - Ans:-Sensible water loss is a measurable loss of body fluid. Urine is an example of sensible water loss. List the four components of blood. - Ans:-Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Which part of the egg contains cholesterol? - Ans:-Cholesterol is found in the egg yolk. What are the USDA egg grades? - Ans:-USDA Grade AA - The freshest and highest quality eggs will receive a Grade AA. USDA Grade A - Very high quality eggs will receive a Grade A. USDA Grade B - Grade B eggs are usually used for breaking stock (liquid eggs) and baking, depending on the number of defects. What are the three quality grades of beef? - Ans:-USDA Prime: Evenly distributed, heavy fat marbling that looks like snowflakes ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 7/109 USDA Choice: Moderate marbling that is less evenly distributed compared to prime beef but is not as scattered as select beef. USDA Select: Scattered spotty marbling What is the Maillard reaction? - Ans:-The Maillard reaction is the nonenzymatic browning process that contributes to the flavor, color, and nutrient quality of many foods. The process requires amino acids and sugar that naturally occur in food. List the different types of additives - Ans:-Preservatives Antioxidants Coloring agents Sweeteners Flavoring Emulsifiers and stabilizers List the populations at risk for folate deficiency - Ans:-Infants and young