Practice Test 5 (Eatright PREP) Questions and Answers

Practice Test 5 (Eatright PREP) Questions and Answers Which of the following nutrients is essential for cell division during pregnancy and, if deficient, can lead to development of neural tube defects in newborn? - Ans:-Folate *Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division. Deficiency can lead to defective development of neural tube and other organs. Which of the following does not have an effect on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement of body composition? A. Gas in the intestinal tract B. Hydration status C. Body fatness D. Use of alcohol - Ans:-A ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/50 *Gas in the intestinal tract affects underwater weighing but has no effect on BIA. BIA depends on total body water, so only factors that affect hydration status can affect the results of BIA assessment. Which research design is not used in sensory evaluation? A. Paired comparison B. Observational C. Duo-trio D. Staircase procedure - Ans:-B Paired comparison, duo-trio, and staircase procedure are all types of sensory evaluation. In a paired- comparison test, judges are asked to determine which sample has the target sensory attribute. In a duo- trio test, a judge is given three samples wherein one is an identified reference sample and the others are unknown to the judge, who is asked determine which two are identical. In the staircase procedure, one sample with an easily identifiable stimulus is given, and the judge is given less and less concentrated versions until they can't detect it, and then given more and more concentrated until they can (the ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/50 purpose of this design is for determining thresholds of perceptibility). Observational research design describes when the researcher observes ongoing behavior. What kind of variable represents the outcome of a study? - Ans:-Dependent Which protein found in beef softens with moist cooking? - Ans:-Collagen *Collagen is a connective tissue found in beef that begins to break down when exposed to heat. When exposed to moist heat, hydrogen bonds in collagen begin to break and form a gelatin. Ingredients in a food product are listed on the label in order according to their _____. - Ans:-weight What food is most likely to cause solanine poisoning? - Ans:-potatoes The energy needs of an infant from birth to 12 months of age depend on the following factors except _____. A. growth rate B. length C. weight ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/50 D. temperature and climate - Ans:-B The current energy intake recommendation of 98 kcal/kg to 108 kcal/kg body weight for infants is based on weight, growth rate, sleep/wake cycle, temperature and climate, physical activity, metabolic response to food, and health status and recovery from illness. Length is not a factor that affects energy needs. What is the hormone that lowers blood glucose? A. Glucocorticoids B. Glucagon C. Somatostatin D. Insulin - Ans:-D Insulin lowers blood glucose while glucagon raises blood glucose. Glucocorticoids raises the blood glucose and somatostatin reduces gastric secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. Which of the following is true of iron absorption? - Ans:-Heme iron is better absorbed than nonheme iron from plant-based sources ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/50 *Iron absorption can be enhanced by foods containing vitamin C. This enzyme found in the kidney is needed for the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to the active form. A. 25-hydroxylase B. 24-hydroxylase C. 1- hydroxylase D. 22-hydroxylase - Ans:-*The 1-hydroxylase enzyme is found in highest concentrations in the kidneys and is responsible for converting 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (its active form). 25-hydroxylase is the enzyme responsible for the first required hydroxylation of D3 and is found in the liver. 24-hydroxylase is responsible for the breakdown of the vitamin. Included among the different forms of vitamin K are - Ans:-Phylloquinones and menaquinones are both forms of vitamin K. "Blue zones"—5 populations with a high number of centenarians—primarily follow this eating pattern. - Ans:-Plant based ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 6/50 *The populations of five specific locales seem to have a high prevalence of centenarians and preference for a plant-based diet. Plant-based diets are low in energy; nutrient dense; and high in vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. The five locations in the blue zones are Okinawa, Japan; Sardinia, Italy; Loma Linda, CA; the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica; and Ikaria, Greece. Which of the following phytochemicals can reduce serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 10% to 15%? - Ans:-Phytosterols *sterols and stanols can lower LDL cholesterol Which of the following is an effective way to make written educational materials relevant to patients? - Ans:-Use 2nd person pronouns to convey directives and recommendations *Using the 2nd person "you" in educational materials helps patients identify with the text and thus makes it relevant to them. Which of the following is the strongest predictor of an individual's health status? - Ans:-Lo