HEALTH AND ILLNESS PNG 2251 EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

HEALTH AND ILLNESS PNG 2251 EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What is DMT1? - Ans:-Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 What does DKA stand for? - Ans:-Diabetic ketoacidosis What can DKA be mistaken for? - Ans:-Acting Intoxicated What are 4 clinical manifestations of DKA? - Ans:-1. Fruity Breath 2. Polyuria 3. Polydipsia (extreme thirst) 4. Polyphagia 5. Slurring words 6. Unsteady Gait 7. Vomiting ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/43 8. Decreased LOC What is an important teaching with further preventing DKA? - Ans:-Manage blood glucose and ketones levels to avoid prolonged damage to legs and eyes. What is a UTI (urinary tract infection)? - Ans:-It is an infection in ANY part of the urinary system. Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra What is Cystitis? - Ans:-Infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract What is pyelonephritis? - Ans:-An infection of the kidney or upper urinary tract What type of infection is a UTI? - Ans:-Bacterial When elderly patients have a UTI, what s/s could be the ONLY one present? - Ans:-Delirium or confusion If a urinalysis is performed, what would indicate a UTI is present? Colour: Clarity: Odour: pH: ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/43 Nitrites: Casts: RBC: - Ans:-Colour: dark, concentrated Clarity: cloudy Odour: foil ******* pH: Alkaline ******* Nitrites: Positive Casts: WBC with acute pyelonephritis RBC: hematuria What type of procedure is a urinalysis? - Ans:-Non-invasive What urine is the best to use for testing? - Ans:-FIRST urine - provides most accurate results Clean technique should be used when performing a urinalysis. (T/F) - Ans:-False - it's a sterile procedure Why is it important to treat a UTI? - Ans:-Can lead to urosepsis - septic shock Name the 3 treatments for cystitis. - Ans:-Antibiotics - Bactrim (sulphamethoxazole or trimethoprim) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/43 Ciprofloxacin for reoccurring UTI Increase fluid intake - including cranberry juice Name the 2 treatments for uncomplicated pyelonephritis and the additional 1 treatment that would be included if it was complicated. - Ans:-Uncomplicated: 1. Antibiotics 2.Heat Complicated: 1. IV Levaquin with IV isotonic fluids What is the Creatinine Clearance Test? What would indicate decreased kidney function and eGFR? - Ans:-The BEST indicator of renal function. It compares the Cr in the blood and the Cr in the urine. Increased blood Cr and decreased urine Cr = poor kidney function and low eGFR. How long is the Creatinine Clearance test for and what occurs during that time? - Ans:-The test is 24 hours long. Urine will be collected that entire time and at the end of the 24 hours, blood will be drawn. Medications required to be stopped will be discussed by the physician prior to the test. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/43 What electrolytes are EXCRETED or REUPTAKE by the kidneys? - Ans:-Excreted: Potassium, Phosphorous Reuptake: Calcium, Sodium With complications: Calcium reuptake will be decreased leading to less clotting in the blood and weakness. Phosphorous is ALWAYS the opposite of calcium so if calcium is decreased, phosphorous is increased and therefore still causes bleeding risk. Potassium excretion would be decreased therefore could cause hyperkalemia and cardiac dysrhythmias. Sodium will usually stay at a normal level until the end renal stage when the RAAS pathway fails. What does the Cr and BUN diagnostic blood test represent?