©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
mnt 2 exam 2 Practice Questions and
Answers
Medical nutrition therapy 2 exam 2
February 13 was a snow day so February 15. Mnt for renal disorders and fluid and electrolyte balance.
• What is the role of the kidney? - Ans:✔✔-o Maintain balance of fluids, electrolytes, and organic
solutes.
o Control blood pressure (renin angiotensin mechanism).
o Produce of erythropoietin (EPO).
o Maintain of calcium phosphorous homeostasis (formation of active vitamin D, 1,25
dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25 - [OH]2D3.
o Maintain acid base balance.
• In maintaining balance of fluids, electrolytes and organic solutes for kidney function what are the
factors? - Ans:✔✔-o Oliguria.
Page 1/42
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
o Azotemia.
o renal function.
o and renal failure.
• what is oliguria? - Ans:✔✔-o Oliguria is urine volume less than 500 milliliter per day solute load
comprised of nitrogenous wastes.
• What is azotemia? - Ans:✔✔-o Azotemia is the accumulatio of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
o This is really the hallmark to notice that the kidney is declining.
She moved on to fluid and electrolyte balance and acid base basics 8:00.
• what is fluid balance? - Ans:✔✔-o Fluid balance equals fluid in minus fluid out.
• Certain foods can provide more water than others like fruits and lettuce but what you get from that is
metabolic water and also when we oxidize nutrient we also produce water from the electron transport
chain but really we just think about water but if the fluid restrictions are tough you may have to pay
more attention to that. - Ans:✔✔-
• What are the method for estimating fluid needs? - Ans:✔✔-o weight in kilogram time 25 to 34 mililiter
equal milliliters of fluid required daily
Page 2/42
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
25 milliliter per kilogram for congestive heart failure or renal disease.
30 milliliter per kilogram for average adults.
35 to 40 milliliter per kilogram for patients with infection or draining wounds.
o 1 milliliter per kilocalorie of intake = equal milliliters of fluid required daily *.
*If a patient's calorie intake is poor or low, fluid needs may be underestimated.
o Average healthy adult: 25 to 40 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.
Adult 55 to75 years: 30 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.
Adult older than 75 years: 25 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.
o Dietary Reference Intakes: adequate intakes (AIs) for water.
Adult males older than 19 years of age: 3.7 liters per day.
Adult females greater than 19 years of age: 2.7 liter per day.
• In ICU they may do fluid requirement based on surface area because if you have a burn patient there is
a big attempt to keep the temperature of a room at a certain rate so they are not loosing a lot of water
and fevers. She said that she might ask on the exam that to give an example of one or the other or why is
it important in a clinical scenario. - Ans:✔✔-that is right
Page 3/42
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
• What are the consideration for fluid excretion? - Ans:✔✔-o Obligatory fluid.
o Facultative fluid.
o Renal solute load (RSL).
• What is obligatory fluid? - Ans:✔✔-o Excretion represents the minimum fluid necessary to remove
waste materials excreted in urine.
o some people that may have bladder control problems may be purposely dehydrated and drink less
water but we are hoping that they can clear waste product because if not the body will pull from its
other sources to excrete and cause consequential dehydration.
• How much waste product is a normal healthy adult able to excrete per liter? - Ans:✔✔-o Kidneys of
normal healthy adults can concentrate 1200 to 1400 milliosmole per liter (obligatory).
o If the renal solute load is 600 milliosmole:
600 milliosmole divided by 1200 milliosmole per liter = .5 liters
600 milliosmole divided by 1400 milliosmole per liter = .428 liters
So, 430 to 500 milliliters is the minimal amount of fluid needed to accommodate a renal solute load of
600 milliosmole.
Page 4/42
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
mnt 2 exam 2 Practice Questions and
Answers
Medical nutrition therapy 2 exam 2
February 13 was a snow day so February 15. Mnt for renal disorders and fluid and electrolyte balance.
• What is the role of the kidney? - Ans:✔✔-o Maintain balance of fluids, electrolytes, and organic
solutes.
o Control blood pressure (renin angiotensin mechanism).
o Produce of erythropoietin (EPO).
o Maintain of calcium phosphorous homeostasis (formation of active vitamin D, 1,25
dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25 - [OH]2D3.
o Maintain acid base balance.
• In maintaining balance of fluids, electrolytes and organic solutes for kidney function what are the
factors? - Ans:✔✔-o Oliguria.
Page 1/42
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
o Azotemia.
o renal function.
o and renal failure.
• what is oliguria? - Ans:✔✔-o Oliguria is urine volume less than 500 milliliter per day solute load
comprised of nitrogenous wastes.
• What is azotemia? - Ans:✔✔-o Azotemia is the accumulatio of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
o This is really the hallmark to notice that the kidney is declining.
She moved on to fluid and electrolyte balance and acid base basics 8:00.
• what is fluid balance? - Ans:✔✔-o Fluid balance equals fluid in minus fluid out.
• Certain foods can provide more water than others like fruits and lettuce but what you get from that is
metabolic water and also when we oxidize nutrient we also produce water from the electron transport
chain but really we just think about water but if the fluid restrictions are tough you may have to pay
more attention to that. - Ans:✔✔-
• What are the method for estimating fluid needs? - Ans:✔✔-o weight in kilogram time 25 to 34 mililiter
equal milliliters of fluid required daily
Page 2/42
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
25 milliliter per kilogram for congestive heart failure or renal disease.
30 milliliter per kilogram for average adults.
35 to 40 milliliter per kilogram for patients with infection or draining wounds.
o 1 milliliter per kilocalorie of intake = equal milliliters of fluid required daily *.
*If a patient's calorie intake is poor or low, fluid needs may be underestimated.
o Average healthy adult: 25 to 40 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.
Adult 55 to75 years: 30 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.
Adult older than 75 years: 25 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.
o Dietary Reference Intakes: adequate intakes (AIs) for water.
Adult males older than 19 years of age: 3.7 liters per day.
Adult females greater than 19 years of age: 2.7 liter per day.
• In ICU they may do fluid requirement based on surface area because if you have a burn patient there is
a big attempt to keep the temperature of a room at a certain rate so they are not loosing a lot of water
and fevers. She said that she might ask on the exam that to give an example of one or the other or why is
it important in a clinical scenario. - Ans:✔✔-that is right
Page 3/42
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
• What are the consideration for fluid excretion? - Ans:✔✔-o Obligatory fluid.
o Facultative fluid.
o Renal solute load (RSL).
• What is obligatory fluid? - Ans:✔✔-o Excretion represents the minimum fluid necessary to remove
waste materials excreted in urine.
o some people that may have bladder control problems may be purposely dehydrated and drink less
water but we are hoping that they can clear waste product because if not the body will pull from its
other sources to excrete and cause consequential dehydration.
• How much waste product is a normal healthy adult able to excrete per liter? - Ans:✔✔-o Kidneys of
normal healthy adults can concentrate 1200 to 1400 milliosmole per liter (obligatory).
o If the renal solute load is 600 milliosmole:
600 milliosmole divided by 1200 milliosmole per liter = .5 liters
600 milliosmole divided by 1400 milliosmole per liter = .428 liters
So, 430 to 500 milliliters is the minimal amount of fluid needed to accommodate a renal solute load of
600 milliosmole.
Page 4/42
