©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
MNT II Exam 3 Questions and Answers
formula for calculating enteral formula needs - Ans:✔✔-calories of formula/calories per ml = ml of
formula
ml of formula/24 hrs a day = ml per hour
Oral, enteral, & parenteral methods of nutrition support are not... - Ans:✔✔-mutually exclusive
often they are used in combination especially when trying to transition back to a normal diet
ex. oral supplements w/ meals + tube feeding at night + meal trays during all mealtimes
when is nutrition support needed? - Ans:✔✔-When p.o intake & oral supplements cannot meet patient's
needs
enteral nutrition - Ans:✔✔-getting nutrients through a tube or catheter through the gastrointestinal tract
Page 1/85
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
preferred over parenteral bec. it preserves gut structure & function
prevents microvilli atrophy and gut permeability which increases when atrophy occurs
once decided, site of tube placement is determined first
parenteral nutrition - Ans:✔✔-getting nutrients through the blood vessels
used when enteral does not work
what types of modified foods or oral supplements can we try before Nutrition support is decided? -
Ans:✔✔-high cal/high protein drinks
fortified puddings
benefits of enteral nutrition compared to PN - Ans:✔✔-better GI barrier function
preserves GI immunity
dec. rate of infection
reduces catabolic response
Page 2/85
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
less septic morbidity, infections, healthcare cost
importance of GI system in immunity - Ans:✔✔-big part of immunity bec. it has a lot of immune cells in it
70% of our immune system is in the GI tract
has 80% of plasma cells needed for IgA antibody production (big role in immune fxn of mucous
membranes)
conditions requiring enteral nutrition - Ans:✔✔-1. cannot consume adequate nutrition orally (trauma,
cancer, COPD, HF, surgery, intubation, stroke)
2. impaired digestion, absorption, metabolism (gastroparesis, crohn's, ulcerative colitis)
3. PEM, severe wasting, or depressed growth (fail to thrive, anorexia, cachexia)
how to assess P.O. intake - Ans:✔✔-record amount of meals from nurses
Page 3/85
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
observe meal trays
enteral nutrition tube placement depends on: - Ans:✔✔-1. anticipated length of time for feeding
2. risk for aspiration/tube displacement
3. planned surgical intervention
4. presence of normal digestion and absorption
nasoenteric route for enteral nutrition access - Ans:✔✔-short term (up to 3-4 weeks); if longer needed,
can cause complications & should be changed to PEG/gastrostomy/jejunotomy tube
nasogastric: used when pt has normal GI fxn & gag reflex; bolus, intermittent, or continuous infusions
nasoduodenal/nasojejunal route: used for gastric motility disorders, esophageal reflux, persistent N&V
potential complications of nasal tubes - Ans:✔✔-- Nasal irritation and erosion
Page 4/85
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
MNT II Exam 3 Questions and Answers
formula for calculating enteral formula needs - Ans:✔✔-calories of formula/calories per ml = ml of
formula
ml of formula/24 hrs a day = ml per hour
Oral, enteral, & parenteral methods of nutrition support are not... - Ans:✔✔-mutually exclusive
often they are used in combination especially when trying to transition back to a normal diet
ex. oral supplements w/ meals + tube feeding at night + meal trays during all mealtimes
when is nutrition support needed? - Ans:✔✔-When p.o intake & oral supplements cannot meet patient's
needs
enteral nutrition - Ans:✔✔-getting nutrients through a tube or catheter through the gastrointestinal tract
Page 1/85
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
preferred over parenteral bec. it preserves gut structure & function
prevents microvilli atrophy and gut permeability which increases when atrophy occurs
once decided, site of tube placement is determined first
parenteral nutrition - Ans:✔✔-getting nutrients through the blood vessels
used when enteral does not work
what types of modified foods or oral supplements can we try before Nutrition support is decided? -
Ans:✔✔-high cal/high protein drinks
fortified puddings
benefits of enteral nutrition compared to PN - Ans:✔✔-better GI barrier function
preserves GI immunity
dec. rate of infection
reduces catabolic response
Page 2/85
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
less septic morbidity, infections, healthcare cost
importance of GI system in immunity - Ans:✔✔-big part of immunity bec. it has a lot of immune cells in it
70% of our immune system is in the GI tract
has 80% of plasma cells needed for IgA antibody production (big role in immune fxn of mucous
membranes)
conditions requiring enteral nutrition - Ans:✔✔-1. cannot consume adequate nutrition orally (trauma,
cancer, COPD, HF, surgery, intubation, stroke)
2. impaired digestion, absorption, metabolism (gastroparesis, crohn's, ulcerative colitis)
3. PEM, severe wasting, or depressed growth (fail to thrive, anorexia, cachexia)
how to assess P.O. intake - Ans:✔✔-record amount of meals from nurses
Page 3/85
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
observe meal trays
enteral nutrition tube placement depends on: - Ans:✔✔-1. anticipated length of time for feeding
2. risk for aspiration/tube displacement
3. planned surgical intervention
4. presence of normal digestion and absorption
nasoenteric route for enteral nutrition access - Ans:✔✔-short term (up to 3-4 weeks); if longer needed,
can cause complications & should be changed to PEG/gastrostomy/jejunotomy tube
nasogastric: used when pt has normal GI fxn & gag reflex; bolus, intermittent, or continuous infusions
nasoduodenal/nasojejunal route: used for gastric motility disorders, esophageal reflux, persistent N&V
potential complications of nasal tubes - Ans:✔✔-- Nasal irritation and erosion
Page 4/85
