©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NU 308 Exam 2 Study Guide Solutions
Describe GERD - Ans:✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophagael Reflux Disease) This is when acid (hyrdochloride
acid) from the stomach creeps into the esophagus
Who is at increased risk for GERD - Ans:✔✔-Obese people
What are some other conditions associated with GERD - Ans:✔✔-Barret's Esophagus
Esophagitis
How do we diagnose GERD - Ans:✔✔-Endoscopy
Describe ways to manage GERD - Ans:✔✔-Avoid eating and drinking at least two hours before bed
Do not lay completely supine (head of the bed at 30 degrees)
Avoid caffeine, tobacco, milk. and alcohol
What is a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-This is a herniation of the esophogastric junction and portion of the
stomach into the chest.
What two types of the hernias are there and which one is emergent? - Ans:✔✔-Sliding and rolling.
Sliding is the most common type rolling is a medical emergency.
Page 1/19
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
List causes of a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-Heavy lifting
pregnancy
tumors
obesity
Intense physical exercise that increases abdominal pressure
How to diagnose a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-Barrium swallow test
Xray
What is the treatment for a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-laprascopic surgery
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease - Ans:✔✔-This is erosion of the GI tract from HCl and pepsin that causes
bleeding ulcers
What is the most common site for ulcers - Ans:✔✔-The duodenum
What bacteria is most commonly associated with ulcers - Ans:✔✔-H Pylori
What two types of ulcers are there ? - Ans:✔✔-Gastric ulcers
Duodenal ulcers (more common)
Page 2/19
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What are some characteristics of gastric ulcers? - Ans:✔✔-High pain in the upper epigastrim area that
radiates to the back
This pain can be relieved by antacids
burning or gaseous sensation
Food aggravates pain
What are characteristics of a duodenal ulcer? - Ans:✔✔-Mid epigastric pain beneath xiphoid process
Lower back pain if ulcer is closer to posterior aspect
Burning or cramp-like pain
How do we care for a patient with peptic ulcers? - Ans:✔✔-Perform abdominal assessments
assess pain
encourage lifestyle changes like quitting smoking
Avoid NSAIDS as these exacerbate ulcers
Proton pump inhibitors
What is included in the upper GI tract - Ans:✔✔-The mouth
Esophagus
Page 3/19
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NU 308 Exam 2 Study Guide Solutions
Describe GERD - Ans:✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophagael Reflux Disease) This is when acid (hyrdochloride
acid) from the stomach creeps into the esophagus
Who is at increased risk for GERD - Ans:✔✔-Obese people
What are some other conditions associated with GERD - Ans:✔✔-Barret's Esophagus
Esophagitis
How do we diagnose GERD - Ans:✔✔-Endoscopy
Describe ways to manage GERD - Ans:✔✔-Avoid eating and drinking at least two hours before bed
Do not lay completely supine (head of the bed at 30 degrees)
Avoid caffeine, tobacco, milk. and alcohol
What is a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-This is a herniation of the esophogastric junction and portion of the
stomach into the chest.
What two types of the hernias are there and which one is emergent? - Ans:✔✔-Sliding and rolling.
Sliding is the most common type rolling is a medical emergency.
Page 1/19
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
List causes of a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-Heavy lifting
pregnancy
tumors
obesity
Intense physical exercise that increases abdominal pressure
How to diagnose a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-Barrium swallow test
Xray
What is the treatment for a hital hernia - Ans:✔✔-laprascopic surgery
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease - Ans:✔✔-This is erosion of the GI tract from HCl and pepsin that causes
bleeding ulcers
What is the most common site for ulcers - Ans:✔✔-The duodenum
What bacteria is most commonly associated with ulcers - Ans:✔✔-H Pylori
What two types of ulcers are there ? - Ans:✔✔-Gastric ulcers
Duodenal ulcers (more common)
Page 2/19
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What are some characteristics of gastric ulcers? - Ans:✔✔-High pain in the upper epigastrim area that
radiates to the back
This pain can be relieved by antacids
burning or gaseous sensation
Food aggravates pain
What are characteristics of a duodenal ulcer? - Ans:✔✔-Mid epigastric pain beneath xiphoid process
Lower back pain if ulcer is closer to posterior aspect
Burning or cramp-like pain
How do we care for a patient with peptic ulcers? - Ans:✔✔-Perform abdominal assessments
assess pain
encourage lifestyle changes like quitting smoking
Avoid NSAIDS as these exacerbate ulcers
Proton pump inhibitors
What is included in the upper GI tract - Ans:✔✔-The mouth
Esophagus
Page 3/19
