NU 318 Genetics Test 2 Questions and Answers

©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/122 Marjory tells a nurse that she has three aunts with cancer. The two on her father's side were diagnosed with breast and ovarian cancers at ages 42 and 36. She also has one aunt on her mother's side who was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 70. Marjory asks if she should have genetic testing. What should the nurse tell her? A. "Your family history indicates a high risk and you should definitely have genetic testing." B. "Because no men in your family are affected it is not inherited cancer, so you don't need mammograms or any special screening practices." C. "Because your aunts were older when they got breast cancer it was probably sporadic and you should just have regular mammograms like everyone else." D. "Your family history may indicate an increased risk for breast cancer, and a genetic counselor could help determine whether you could benefit from genetic testing." - Ans:-D. "Your family history may indicate an increased risk for breast cancer, and a genetic counselor could help determine whether you could benefit from genetic testing." ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/122 What term is used to describe the condition of a child who has several dysmorphic features that are related to a single known genetic cause? A. Sequence B. Disruption C. Syndrome D. Malformation - Ans:-C. Syndrome Which term is used to describe the condition of widely spaced eyes? A. Hypertelorism B. Hypotelorism ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/122 C. Hyperoculoci D. Hypo-oculoci - Ans:-A. Hypertelorism Which characteristic or feature distinguishes a major anomaly from a minor anomaly? A. Major anomalies affect tissue structure, and minor anomalies affect tissue function. B. Minor anomalies affect tissue structure, and major anomalies affect tissue function. C. Minor anomalies occur in external tissues, and major anomalies occur in internal tissues. D. Major anomalies require medical attention, whereas minor anomalies are considered a variation in structure. - Ans:-D. Major anomalies require medical attention, whereas minor anomalies are considered a variation in structure ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 6/122 Which condition in a newborn should be described as a deformation if it is the only abnormal finding? A. A unilateral club foot B. A sealed (imperforate) anus C. The absence of a thyroid gland D. The presence of six toes on each foot - Ans:-A. A unilateral club foot Which anomaly constitutes clinodactyly? A. An extra toe on one foot B. A laterally curved fifth finger ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 7/122 C. Complete absence of fingers and toes D. Fusion of two fingers on the right hand - Ans:-B. A laterally curved fifth finger Which action or behavior is considered an "executive function?" A. Hopping on one foot B. Learning the names of animals C. Deciding what to give as a present D. Counting the number of objects in a picture - Ans:-C. Deciding what to give as a present Why is it important to diagnose type I Gaucher disease as soon as possible after birth? ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 8/122 A. Enzyme therapy can reduce complications for some patients. B. When proper dietary management is instituted early, complications can be prevented. C. Insulin therapy can result in prevention of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. D. Prophylactic therapy with antibiotics can prevent early death from pneumonia and other infections. - Ans:-A. Enzyme therapy can reduce complications for some patients Which common childhood disorder requires a genetic contribution and a significant environmental contribution to develop fully? A. Achondroplasia B. Sickle cell disease ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 9/122 C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus D. von Willebrand disease - Ans:-C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus Which specific type of genetic problem causes sickle cell disease? A. Deletion of an exon B. Deletion of an intron C. Unbalanced translocation D. Single nucleotide polymorphism - Ans:-D. Single nucleotide polymorphism How does hydroxyurea reduce the manifestations of sickle cell disease? ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 10/122 A. Promoting red blood cell production B. Increasing the concentration of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) C. Relaxing vascular smooth muscle so that blood flow to critical tissues and organs is improved D. Correcting the mutation of one allele so the person has sickle cell trait instead of sickle cell disease - Ans:-B. Increasing the concentration of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) Which additional health problem commonly develops in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? A. Arthritis B. Hypertension C. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 11/122 Diabetes mellitus D. Chronic heart failure - Ans:-D. Chronic heart failure Zoe, a 20-year-old woman, shows signs of mild muscle weakness. She has two first cousins on her mother's side who died of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). Which explanation regarding Zoe's situation is most likely? A. Zoe is a heterozygote showing partial expression. B. Zoe and her cousins shared similar environmental risks. C. The muscle weakness is related to Zoe's lack of exercise in her "girly-g