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NU 318 – Genetics Exam Question and Answers

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NU 318 – Genetics Exam Question and Answers Transcription in Protein Synthesis - Ans:-Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Where are majority of a cell's DNA located? - Ans:-Nucleus What is Mitosis? - Ans:-Cell Division: there is a duplication of a parent cell Creates 2 new daughter cells that are identical to each other & parent cell Translation in Protein Synthesis - Ans:-reading the mRNA codons to make proteins; occurs on the ribosomes, using mature RNA, replacing thymine w/ uracil for the mRNA to be able to leave the nucleus Post-Translocation Modification in Protein Synthesis - Ans:- Four Bases that present in DNA - Ans:-1. Adenine (A) 2. Thymine (T) 3. Cytosine (C) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/15 4. Guanine (G) A + T C + G What is a chromosome? - Ans:--A complex of protein & nucleic acids in which an unbroken double helix of DNA is tightly wound -temporary structure that is a large chunk of DNA containing genes 22 pairs = Autosomes 1 pair of sex chromosomes 46 individual chromosomes What is Apoptosis? - Ans:-knowing when to take a cell out of the "workforce" What is a telomere? - Ans:-Protects the end of a chromosome Chromosome Structure/Shapes - Ans:--2 sister chromatids attached by a centromere; identical DNA -complex of protein and nucleic acid in a double helix DNA tightly wound ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/15 Shapes: 1. Metacentric: X shaped, centromere in the middle (1, 3, 16, 19, 20) 2. Submetacentric: Arms lengths unequal, "L shape" 3. Acrocentric: the P short arm (13, 14, 15, 21, 22) P arm carries very little genetic material since being short Chromosome Formation - Ans:--During cellular division chromatin condenses or coils to form rod like chromosomes -Prophase Chromosome Inheritance - Ans:- Helicase enzyme - Ans:-Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen b

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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




NU 318 – Genetics Exam Question and Answers


Transcription in Protein Synthesis - Ans:✔✔-Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied

(transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis.


Where are majority of a cell's DNA located? - Ans:✔✔-Nucleus


What is Mitosis? - Ans:✔✔-Cell Division: there is a duplication of a parent cell




Creates 2 new daughter cells that are identical to each other & parent cell


Translation in Protein Synthesis - Ans:✔✔-reading the mRNA codons to make proteins; occurs on the

ribosomes, using mature RNA, replacing thymine w/ uracil for the mRNA to be able to leave the nucleus


Post-Translocation Modification in Protein Synthesis - Ans:✔✔-


Four Bases that present in DNA - Ans:✔✔-1. Adenine (A)


2. Thymine (T)


3. Cytosine (C)




Page 1/15

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




4. Guanine (G)


A+T


C+G


What is a chromosome? - Ans:✔✔--A complex of protein & nucleic acids in which an unbroken double

helix of DNA is tightly wound


-temporary structure that is a large chunk of DNA containing genes




22 pairs = Autosomes


1 pair of sex chromosomes




46 individual chromosomes


What is Apoptosis? - Ans:✔✔-knowing when to take a cell out of the "workforce"


What is a telomere? - Ans:✔✔-Protects the end of a chromosome


Chromosome Structure/Shapes - Ans:✔✔--2 sister chromatids attached by a centromere; identical DNA


-complex of protein and nucleic acid in a double helix DNA tightly wound

Page 2/15
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