Janeway’s Immunobiology EXAM-
Ch1: Basic Concepts in Immunology
WITH well- elaborated questions and
100% correct answers
segments encode the last 10-15 amino acids of the variable domain. There are multiple
copies of each type of gene segment in the germline DNA, but only one of each type is
joined together to form the variable domain.
granulocytes - CORRECT ANSWER White blood cells with multilobed nuclei and
cytoplasmic granules. They comprise the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Also
known as polymorph nuclear leukocytes.
gut-associated lymphoid tissues - CORRECT ANSWER Organized lymphoid tissues
closely associated with the gastrointestinal tract, comprising Peyer's patches, the
appendix, and isolated lymphoid follicles found in the intestinal wall. They have an
anatomically compartmentalized structure typical of peripheral lymphoid organs and are
sites at which adaptive immune responses are initiated. The tissues are connected to
the mesenteric lymph nodes by lymphatic vessels.
H-2 - CORRECT ANSWER The major histocompatibility complex of the mouse.
Haplotypes are designated by a lower-case superscript, as in H-2b.
heavy chain - CORRECT ANSWER (H chain) One of the two types of protein chain in
an immunoglobulin molecule, the other being called the light chain. There are several
different classes, or isotypes, of heavy chain (α, δ, ε, γ, and μ), each of which confers a
distinctive functional activity on the antibody molecule. Each immunoglobulin molecule
contains two identical heavy chains.
helper CD4 T cells - CORRECT ANSWER Effector CD4 T cells that stimulate or 'help' B
cells to make antibody in response to antigenic challenge. TH2, TH1, and the TFH
subsets of effector CD4 T cells can perform this function.
hematopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER The generation of blood cells, which in humans
occurs in the bone marrow.
hematopoietic stem cell - CORRECT ANSWER Type of pluripotent cell in the bone
marrow that can give rise to all the different blood cell types.
high endothelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized small venous blood vessels in
lymphoid tissues. Lymphocytes migrate from the blood into lymphoid tissues by
, attaching to the high endothelial cells in the walls of the venues and squeezing between
them.
Ig - CORRECT ANSWER The standard abbreviation for immunoglobulin.
immune effector functions - CORRECT ANSWER All those components and functions
of the immune system that restrict an infection and eliminate it, for example,
complement, macrophages, neutrophils and other leukocytes, antibodies, and effector T
cells.
immune regulation - CORRECT ANSWER The capacity of the immune system in
normal circumstances to regulate itself so that an immune response does not go out of
control and cause tissue damage, autoimmune reactions, or allergic reactions.
immune response - CORRECT ANSWER Any response made by an organism to
defend itself against a pathogen.
immune system - CORRECT ANSWER The tissues, cells, and molecules involved in
innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
immunity - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to resist infection with a particular
pathogen.
immunobiology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the biological basis for the body's
defenses against infection.
immunodeficiency disease - CORRECT ANSWER Any inherited or acquired disorder in
which some aspect or aspects of host defense are absent or functionally defective.
immunogen - CORRECT ANSWER (adj. immunogenic) Any molecule that, on its own,
is able to elicit an adaptive immune response on injection into a person or animal.
immunoglobulin - CORRECT ANSWER The protein family to which antibodies and B-
cell receptors belong.
immunological memory - CORRECT ANSWER The ability of the immune system to
respond more rapidly and more effectively on a second encounter with an antigen.
Immunological memory is specific for a particular antigen and is long lived.
immunological recognition - CORRECT ANSWER General term for the ability of the
cells of the innate and adaptive immune system to recognize the presence of an
infection.
immunology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of all aspects of host defense against
infection and also of the adverse consequences of immune responses.
Ch1: Basic Concepts in Immunology
WITH well- elaborated questions and
100% correct answers
segments encode the last 10-15 amino acids of the variable domain. There are multiple
copies of each type of gene segment in the germline DNA, but only one of each type is
joined together to form the variable domain.
granulocytes - CORRECT ANSWER White blood cells with multilobed nuclei and
cytoplasmic granules. They comprise the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Also
known as polymorph nuclear leukocytes.
gut-associated lymphoid tissues - CORRECT ANSWER Organized lymphoid tissues
closely associated with the gastrointestinal tract, comprising Peyer's patches, the
appendix, and isolated lymphoid follicles found in the intestinal wall. They have an
anatomically compartmentalized structure typical of peripheral lymphoid organs and are
sites at which adaptive immune responses are initiated. The tissues are connected to
the mesenteric lymph nodes by lymphatic vessels.
H-2 - CORRECT ANSWER The major histocompatibility complex of the mouse.
Haplotypes are designated by a lower-case superscript, as in H-2b.
heavy chain - CORRECT ANSWER (H chain) One of the two types of protein chain in
an immunoglobulin molecule, the other being called the light chain. There are several
different classes, or isotypes, of heavy chain (α, δ, ε, γ, and μ), each of which confers a
distinctive functional activity on the antibody molecule. Each immunoglobulin molecule
contains two identical heavy chains.
helper CD4 T cells - CORRECT ANSWER Effector CD4 T cells that stimulate or 'help' B
cells to make antibody in response to antigenic challenge. TH2, TH1, and the TFH
subsets of effector CD4 T cells can perform this function.
hematopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER The generation of blood cells, which in humans
occurs in the bone marrow.
hematopoietic stem cell - CORRECT ANSWER Type of pluripotent cell in the bone
marrow that can give rise to all the different blood cell types.
high endothelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized small venous blood vessels in
lymphoid tissues. Lymphocytes migrate from the blood into lymphoid tissues by
, attaching to the high endothelial cells in the walls of the venues and squeezing between
them.
Ig - CORRECT ANSWER The standard abbreviation for immunoglobulin.
immune effector functions - CORRECT ANSWER All those components and functions
of the immune system that restrict an infection and eliminate it, for example,
complement, macrophages, neutrophils and other leukocytes, antibodies, and effector T
cells.
immune regulation - CORRECT ANSWER The capacity of the immune system in
normal circumstances to regulate itself so that an immune response does not go out of
control and cause tissue damage, autoimmune reactions, or allergic reactions.
immune response - CORRECT ANSWER Any response made by an organism to
defend itself against a pathogen.
immune system - CORRECT ANSWER The tissues, cells, and molecules involved in
innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
immunity - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to resist infection with a particular
pathogen.
immunobiology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the biological basis for the body's
defenses against infection.
immunodeficiency disease - CORRECT ANSWER Any inherited or acquired disorder in
which some aspect or aspects of host defense are absent or functionally defective.
immunogen - CORRECT ANSWER (adj. immunogenic) Any molecule that, on its own,
is able to elicit an adaptive immune response on injection into a person or animal.
immunoglobulin - CORRECT ANSWER The protein family to which antibodies and B-
cell receptors belong.
immunological memory - CORRECT ANSWER The ability of the immune system to
respond more rapidly and more effectively on a second encounter with an antigen.
Immunological memory is specific for a particular antigen and is long lived.
immunological recognition - CORRECT ANSWER General term for the ability of the
cells of the innate and adaptive immune system to recognize the presence of an
infection.
immunology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of all aspects of host defense against
infection and also of the adverse consequences of immune responses.
