NU 421 NCLEX Prep - Canvas EXAM #1 Study Guide 2024

NU 421 NCLEX Prep - Canvas EXAM #1 Study Guide 2024 Causes of Hyperkalemia - Ans:-Fluid Volume Deficit, Renal Failure, Acidosis, DKA, Cellular Destruction Signs/Symptoms of Hyperkalemia - Ans:--Peaked T waves -Dysrhythmias What can Hyperkalemia lead to specifically? - Ans:-Ventricular Dysrhythmias Treatment for Hyperkalemia - Ans:-1. Stabilize -calcium gluconate 2. Temporize -insulin 10units -D50 ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/33 -Bicarb to make body more alkaline -Albuterol to have beta cells send potassium intercellular 3. Decrease K+ -Kayexalate -Diuretics -Dialysis If a patient has a High CK level what are you concerned about? - Ans:--Rhabdomyolysis -HIGH Potassium Left Sided CHF Causes - Ans:--CAD -Hypertension -Mitral Valve issues Is preload or afterload increased with Left CHF - Ans:-Afterload Signs/Symptoms of Left CHF - Ans:--Crackles ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/33 -Cough -Dyspnea -Weight gain Later -Pulmonary Edema causing pink frothy sputum -Orthopnea (cannot lay flat) Signs/Symptoms of Right CHF - Ans:--Peripheral Edema/Congestion -Anasarca (Edema all over) -JVD -weight gain Diagnostics of CHF - Ans:--ProBNP -Chest X Ray -Echo ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/33 Function of ProBNP Test - Ans:--Represents LONG TERM hypervolemia Function of doing an Echocardiograph - Ans:--Ejection Fraction -Values -Ventricles Normal Range for Ejection Fraction - Ans:-55-70% Heart Assessment with CHF - Ans:-S3 sound - gallop (ventricular) S4 sound (atrial) Beginning Treatment of CHF - Ans:-1. Beta-Blocker 2. ACES/ARBS 3. SGLT2 4. Aldosterone Antagonist/Potassium Sparing Diuretics Later Treatment for CHF - Ans:--NO BB -Look Diuretic ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/33 -Digoxin What is a drug used for Pulmonary Hypertension? - Ans:-Sildenafil What are the 5 big functions of the kidneys? - Ans:- A patient has renal failure with a Hemoglobin of 7.1 What is the cause? - Ans:-Lack of Erythropoietin What do you immediately check for with Kidney Transplant? - Ans:-1. Urine Output 2. WBC 3. BUN/Cr 4. Electrolytes What do you check for later with a Kidney Transplant? - Ans:-1. Infection 2. Rejection Education for post-Renal biopsy - Ans:-1. Watch the site for bleeding 2. Position supine for 6-8 hours Questions to ask before a renal biopsy - Ans:-1. Ask if on Anticoagulants and last time taken 2. Check Coag Studies