NU 404: Unit 4 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

NU 404: Unit 4 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Care during labor & childbirth - Ans:--protect life of mother & newborn -support normal labor and detect & treat complication in timely fashion -support and respond to needs of woman, her partner, and family during labor & childbirth Factors affecting labor (5 P's) - Ans:--passenger (fetus and placenta) -passageway -powers -position of the mother -psychological response Passenger - Ans:--size of fetal head: will affect birth; dry it first -fetal presentation, fetal lie, fetal attitude, and position CPD - Ans:-number one reason for C-sections ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/20 Fetal presentation - Ans:--part of fetus entering pelvis first -cephalic: 96-97%; head first -breech: want it to be flexed; frank or footling; genitalia swells bc of pressure of delivery -shoulders: laying sideways; can't deliver like this Frank breech - Ans:-both legs up; butt comes out first Footling breech - Ans:--have one or both legs extended -want both legs extended for easier delivery Fetal lie - Ans:--relationship of long axis of mother to long axis of fetus -spine -longitudinal: vertex or breech -transverse: shoulder Fetal attitude - Ans:--relationship of fetal parts to each other -want it to be flexed not extended bc they have to go through very small spot -general flexion: want this bc it allows smaller part of fetus to enter pelvis first ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/20 -extension: one or more parts are extended Position - Ans:--relationship of fetal presenting part to 4 quadrants of mother's pelvis -denoted by 3 letters -R or L -O(occiput), M(mentum), S(sacrum/butt), or Sc(scapula) -A(ant.), P(post.), T(transverse) Sutures - Ans:--membranous tissue b/t skull bones -frontal, sagittal, coronal, lamboidal -when born, these bones aren't ossified so these hold them together and allow for molding of the fetal head to the mother's pelvis Fontanel - Ans:--area where the suture lines intersect -anterior, posterior, vertex -"soft spot" Anterior fontanel - Ans:--larger -diamond shaped ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/20 -closes around 12-18 months -closed at birth: concerned about microcephaly (caused by zika, drug use, etc.) -the bregma Posterior fontanel - Ans:--smaller -triangle shaped -closes b/t 8-12 weeks after delivery -if closed at birth we're not as concerned Vertex (VTX) - Ans:--area b/t anterior and posterior fontanel -means baby came out head first Bulging - Ans:-crying and screaming babies will have _ fontanels bc CSF moves as heart beats and causes pressure changes so you can see pulsation Sunken - Ans:-dehydrated babies will have _ fontanels so give them nutrition Occiput - Ans:--most posterior portion of the cranium -the point of the head Mentum - Ans:-chin ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/20 Biparital - Ans:-diameter of skull that tells us how far along pregnancy is during 2nd trimester Suboccipitobregmatic - Ans:--measure from bregma to beneath the occiput -the point -what you want to go through the pelvis first Engagement - Ans:-status of the fetus when the largest part of the presenting part has reached the pelvic inlet and entered the true pelvis Station - Ans:--the degree of engagement -zero _: @ level of ischial spines; know it will fit when it gets here --2, -1: presenting part is fixed, but not engaged -+3: presenting part has reached the floor of the pelvis -+4: perineum is bulging Leopold's maneuver - Ans:--abdominal palpation for fetal position -prep: woman is supine, head slightly elevated & knees slightly flexe