NU129 Final exam Practice Questions and Answers

NU129 Final exam Practice Questions and Answers Urinary anti-infectives are used only in urinary tract infections. What causes urinary anti-infectives to be so effective in treating UTIs? - Ans:-They act specifically within the urinary tract Urinary tract anti-infectives act specifically within the urinary tract to destroy bacteria, either through a direct antibiotic effect or through acidification of the urine. They are not used in systemic infections because they do not attain therapeutic plasma levels. These drugs are not excreted through the liver, and they do not sterilize the feces. The nurse is preparing to administer a sulfonamide to a client when the client states, "I woke up this morning with a lot of sores in my mouth." What is the nurse's next best action? - Ans:-"I'm going to contact your health care provider before I administer your medication." The nurse should withhold the medication and notify the health care provider when a client develops an adverse reaction. In this case, the client developed numerous mouth sores overnight so it must be addressed before proceeding with medication administration. The other responses do not state that the medication should be withheld. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/35 A client who is taking phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for urinary analgesia along with nitrofurantoin calls the clinic to report that her sclera appears yellowish. What is the nurse's best response to this client? - Ans:-"Phenazopyridine can cause your skin and your sclera to develop a yellowish discoloration." Explanation: Phenazopyridine may cause a yellowish discoloration of the skin or sclera. It is not related to the nitrofurantoin, does not indicate the development of hepatitis, and is not a res... (more) Phenazopyridine may cause a yellowish discoloration of the skin or sclera. It is not related to the nitrofurantoin, does not indicate the development of hepatitis, and is not a result of the urinary tract infection. A patient has been prescribed a tetracycline drug for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The patient also takes antacids. Which of the following effects is likely to occur due to an interaction between the two drugs? - Ans:-Decreased absorption of tetracycline Correct Explanation: Interaction of antacids with a tetracycline drug causes decreased absorption of tetracycline. Increased action of neuromuscular-blocking drugs and increased profound respiratory de... (more) Interaction of antacids with a tetracycline drug causes decreased absorption of tetracycline. Increased action of neuromuscular-blocking drugs and increased profound respiratory depression are the result of interaction between neuromuscular-blocking drugs and tetracyclines. Increased risk of bleeding is a result of interaction between anticoagulants and tetracyclines. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/35 The nurse instructs a patient on sulfonamide therapy to drink a full glass of water when taking the medication and to also drink at least 8 large glasses of water each day until therapy is finished. The nurse is trying to prevent which of the following complications associated with sulfonamide therapy? - Ans:-Crystalluria Correct Explanation: Sulfonamides may cause the urine and skin to take on an orange-yellow color. Crystalluria may occur during administration of a sulfonamide. Often this problem can be prevented by i... (more) Sulfonamides may cause the urine and skin to take on an orange-yellow color. Crystalluria may occur during administration of a sulfonamide. Often this problem can be prevented by increasing fluid intake during treatmeent. It is important to instruct the patient to drink a full glass of water when taking an oral sulfonamide and to drink at least 8 large glasses of water each day until therapy is finished. Although drinking water will prevent dehydration, this is not a side effect of this type of drug therapy nor is fluid volume disturbance. There is also no proof that sulfonamides cause hypokalemia. (see full question) A nurse is caring for a patient with crystalluria. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform to prevent more stones from forming? - Ans:-Instruct the patient to increase fluid intake to 2000 mL Correct Explanation: The nurse should instruct the patient to drink more fluids, so that the formation of crystals in urine (crystalluria) can be prevented. Unlike patients with thrombocytopenia, patie... (more) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/35 The nurse should instruct the patient to drink more fluids, so that the formation of crystals in urine (crystalluria) can be prevented. Unlike patients with thrombocytopenia, patients with crystalluria do not bruise easily so there is no need to exercise extra caution. Drinking cranberry juice is recommended for relieving symptoms of urinary tract infections, not for crystalluria. There is no need to shift the patient to a soft diet or a liquid diet. A 48-year-old female patient has acute pyelonephritis. Her urine pH is below 5.5, which indicates that it is acidic. Which of the following medications would serve to decrease the acidity of her urine? - Ans:- Sodium bicarbonate Correct Explanation: Giving sodium bicarbonate to a patient who has acidic urine may help reduce its acidity. The nurse could also advise the patient to drink at least 1.5 L of water daily. Dihydrofoli... (more) Giving sodium bicarbonate to a patient who has acidic urine may help reduce its acidity. The nurse could also advise the patient to drink at least 1.5 L of water daily. Dihydrofolic acid, an agent that promotes the growth of new bacteria in the urinary tract, would not help alter the urine pH. Sulfonamide and gentamicin are drugs given to patients with urinary tract infections, and are not designed to alter the pH of urine. (see full question) The nurse is caring for four patients on a medical floor. For which of the following patients would she suspect the physician might order a sulfonamide? - Ans:-A 35-year-old woman with a urinary tract infection and a history of ulcerative colitis ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/35 Explanation: The sulfonamides are used with caution in patients with renal impairment, hepatic impairment, or bronchial asthma. They are used to treat patients with ear infections, urinary trac... (more) The sulfonamides are used with caution in patients with renal impairment, hepatic impairment, or bronchial asthma. They are used to treat patients with ear infections, urinary tract infections, and ulcerative colitis. The topical sulfonamides are used to treat second- and third-degree burns The pharmacology students are learning about medications used to treat urinary tract problems. What symptoms does phenazopyridine treat? - Ans:-Pain and urgency Correct Explanation: Phenazopyridine is an azo dye that acts as a urinary analgesic and relieves symptoms of dysuria, burning, and frequency and urgency of urination. Phenazo does not treat urinary ret... (more) Phenazopyridine is an azo dye that acts as a urinary analgesic and relieves sympto