NU317 Exam #4 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

NU317 Exam #4 Study Guide with Complete Solutions three functions of kidneys - Ans:-urine formation, electrolyte/ BP balance, production of erythropoietin s/s of AKI - Ans:-decreased urine output, swelling in legs ankles and around eyes, fatigue, SOB, confusion, nausea, chest pain or pressure, and seizures/ coma in severe cases meds that affect kidney fxn - Ans:-NSAIDs, ARBs/ ACEi, diuretics, MRAs, metformin, antibiotics (ex: vancomycin) AKI anuric UOP - Ans:-less than 100 mL per day AKI oliguric UOP - Ans:-less than 500 mL per day AKI non-oliguric UOP - Ans:-more than 500 mL per day what is a vital sign that may indicate that kidneys aren't profusing - Ans:-orthostatic vitals pre-renal AKI - Ans:-hypovolemic states, hypervolemic states, hypotension, dysregulation of renal vasculature ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/6 acute glomerulonephritis - Ans:-hematuria, proteinurea, HTN, pyuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, HLD acute tubular necrosis - Ans:-most common cause of AKI; often caused by prolonged or severe ischemia or nephrotoxic exposure; can be associated with sepsis or shock, oliguria, inability to concentrate urine specific gravity levels - Ans:-1.005 dilute to 1.030 concentrated acute interstitial nephritis - Ans:-often drug-induced, sterile pyuria, classic triad (fever, rash, and serum eosinophilia) renal vascular disease - Ans:-Impaired blood flow and renal ischemia activate the Renin-angiotensin- aldosterone mechanism in an effort to raise renal perfusion pressure Post-renal AKI causes - Ans:-Secondary to obstruction of urinary outflow Usually no kidney damage Reversible once obstruction resolved post-renal AKI examples - Ans:-bladder outlet obstruction (cancer), kidney stones, metastatic cancer, retroperitoneal fibrosis causes of AKI in hospitalized patients - Ans:-45% is acute tubular necrosis and 21% is pre-renal AKI ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/6 causes of AKI in ICU patients - Ans:-89% is ischemic ATN (largely related to sepsis and hypotension) management of AKI - Ans:-treat underlying cause, fluid repletion, avoid nephrotoxic agents, consider dietary restrictions of potassium, phosphorus, and sodium, optimize MAP65 what are the worst things for CKD - Ans:-diabetes and HTN what to not give a CKD patient - Ans:-fleets enema bc its full of phosphorus which will drop calcium sympathetic nervous system function - Ans:-storage= detrusor muscle relaxes, IUO contracts parasympathetic nervous system function - Ans:-pee= detrusor muscle contracts, IUO relaxes young and middle aged men typically get what - Ans:-renal calculi young and middle aged women typically get what - Ans:-renal calculi, Gyn surgeries, pregnancy, pelvic organ cancers men 60 get what - Ans:-BPH hydronephrosis - Ans:-distention or renal calyces and pelvis caused by obstruction hydroureter - Ans:-dilation of the ureter caused by obstruction what two things indicate infection in a UA - Ans:-leukocyte esterase and nitrite ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/6 med options for UTI - Ans:-bactram, nitrofurantoin (bacteriostatic), ciprofloxacin and ampicillin (interrupts birth control mechanism) pyelonephritis s/s - Ans:-fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, CVA tenderness pyelonephritis need to knows - Ans:-need to treat this especially in pregnant women; typically a hospitalization with IV antibiotics, can go into septic quick if not treated what med do you take if calcium is found in kidney stone - Ans:-HTCZ four types of kidney stones - Ans:-calcium, struvite, uric, cystine medical management of kidney stones - Ans:-50% pass spontaneously, increase hydration, flomax (tamsulosin) which is an alpha blocker to make pee more/ vasodilator, opioid