NU410 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

NU410 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Hemorrhagic Stroke S/S & Treatment - Ans:-- Vomiting, bleeding, severe headache, sudden changes in LOC, one sided numbness/weakness, slurred speech, loss of coordination, & visual disturbances - Surgery is rare, bedrest with sedation, work to prevent/tx complications Ischemic Stroke S/S & Treatment - Ans:-- One sided numbness/weakness, slurred speech, loss of coordination, confusion, & visual disturbances - Tx with tPA, anticoagulation therapy, endovascular therapy, & elevated HOB Left vs Right Side Stroke - Ans:-- Left: Right sided numbness/weakness, right visual field deficit, aphasia, altered intellectual ability, & slow cautious behavior - Right: Left sided numbness/weakness, left visual field deficit, spatial-perceptual deficits, increased distractibility, impulsive behavior, poor judgement, & lack of awareness of deficits Increased ICP & Treatment - Ans:-- Normal range: 0-10 mmHg - Alteration in balance of blood, CSF, & brain matter ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/26 - Manifested by change in LOC, agitation, restlessness, slowing of speech, & slow to respond - Treat with Ventriculostomy, VP shunt, Burr holes, or Mannitol Decorticate Posturing - Ans:-- Characterized by upper extremities flexed at elbows & held closely to body while lower extremities are externally rotated & extended - Occurs when brainstem is not inhibited by the motor function of the cerebral cortex Decerebrate Posturing - Ans:-- Characterized by neck is extension with jaw clenched, pronated & extended that are close to sides, & legs extended straight out - Most ominous sign of brain stem damage - BAD OUTCOMES ALS Most Important Info - Ans:-- Progressive loss of motor neurons in CNS - No cure, focus on management of symptoms - Affects voluntary muscles - Worried about airway - Characterized by progressive weakness/atrophy, muscle cramps, muscle twitching, loss of coordination, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, difficulty speaking, difficulty breathing, & dysphagia ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/26 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Most Important Info - Ans:-- Autoimmune disorder affecting nerve cells in CNS causing worsening of voluntary muscle function - Characterized by fatigue, pain, paresthesia, diplopia, visual changes, tinnitus, vertigo, decreased hearing acuity, & plaques on MRI - Visual symptoms occur first - Can follow multiple different courses, relapsing-remitting is most common Guillien-Barre Most Important Info - Ans:-- Acute paralytic polyneuropathy cased by a preceding infection - Characterized by ascending symmetrical weakness starting in legs - Worried about airway - Treated with medications & rehab, most patients make full recovery Parkinson's Disease (PD) Most Important Info - Ans:-- Progressively debilitating disease that grossly affects motor function - Characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, & postural instability - No cure ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/26 - Want to promote independence as much as possible - Withhold meds until absolutely necessary Huntington's Disease (HD) Most Important Info - Ans:-- Characterized by personality changes, mood swings, depression, impaired judgement, forgetful ness, unsteady gait, slurred speech, & chorea - Nonfatal, die from complications - 50/50 chance of inheriting from parent - No medication to slow or stop disease - Focus on management of S/S Brain Tumors S/S & Treatment - Ans:-- Characterized by increased ICP, HA, vomiting, visual disturbances, & seizures - Treat w/radiation, chemo, & Craniotomy Mannitol - Ans:-Osmotic diuretic used to treat cerebral edema & subsequent ICP Cushings Triad - Ans:-- Clinical phenomenon seen when cerebral blood flow decreases significantly - High systolic BP, wide pulse pressure, & bradycardi