NUR 3145 Exam 3 Questions and Answers

NUR 3145 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Thiazide Diuretics - Ans:-i.e. *chlorothiazide* Side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension Adverse effects: syncope, fall when position changing, muscle weakness, blurred vision Before and After: K levels (hold if low), check apical pulse for a full min, electrolyte levels Patient teaching: hypokalemia=weakness, cramping *normal potassium level: 3.5-5.0 High-Ceiling (Loop) Diuretics - Ans:-i.e. *furosemide* Side effects: H20, K, Na, and Ca loss in urine, orthostatic hypotension Adverse: syncope, fall when changing positions, irregular heart rhythms may occur, *ototoxicity* (elderly), *hyperglycemia* ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/11 Before and after: always check electrolyte levels, other ototoxic drugs, give potassium supplements if ordered, monitor for *hearing loss* Potassium-Sparing Diuretics - Ans:-i.e. *Spironolactone triamterene* Heart Failure Side effects: orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia Adverse effects: *hyperkalemia*, development of dysrhythmia Monitor for hyperkalemia* Urinary antispasmodics (Drugs for Overactive bladder) - Ans:-i.e. *Oxybutynin tolterodine* Intended responses: decreased urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence, ACH antagonists Side effects: Dry mouth and eyes*, constipation, headache (parasympathetic system blocked) Adverse effects: chest pain, irregular heart rate, dyspnea, edema, weight gain, confusion/hallucinations, not able to sweat (temp up fast) Before and after: vitals, assess for edema, history of liver or kidney disease, daily weights Drugs for BPH - Ans:-Intended response: decrease in pressure; improve urine flow, decreased BPH symptoms ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/11 Before Admin: rule out cancer, sulfa allergies, monitor for orthostatic hypotension DHT inhibitors - Ans:-i.e. *finasteride* Side effects: decreased libido Adverse effects: adversely affects other hormonal or sexual tissues *Teratogenic* Selective alpha-1 blockers - Ans:-i.e. *tamsulosin* Side effects: hypotension and decreased libido Adverse effects: many complex drug interactions Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors - Ans:-i.e. *enalopril* "-pril" *Given in combination with diuretics Intended Responses: vasodilation, lower BP, decreased workload of heart Side effects: hypotension, *hyperkalemia* *persistent dry cough*- may require patient to ARB drugs Adverse effects: fever/chills, hoarseness, Angioedema, dyspnea, dysphagia, yellow eyes or skin (jaundice) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/11 *Class D/X in pregnancy* Before and after: BP, K levels, *avoid salt substitutes* Angiotensin II Receptors Blockers - Ans:-i.e. *losartan* Intended response same as ACE, but slightly different action, *fewer side effects* *Does not have ACE dry cough* Side effects: hyperkalemia, diarrhea, hypotension Adverse effects: rare but include kidney failure and angioedema Calcium Channel Blockers (general) - Ans:-i.e. *amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil* Block Ca from entering muscle cells of heart and arteries; decrease strength in