NUR 4270 Midterm Exam Study Questions and Answers

NUR 4270 Midterm Exam Study Questions and Answers total body water percentage - Ans:-60% what percentage of total body water is intracellular? - Ans:-40% what percentage of total water is extracellular - Ans:-20% three components of extracellular fluid - Ans:-interstitial, intravascular, transcellular role of fluid and electrolytes in the body - Ans:-balance water in the body balance acid/base move nutrients into and out of cells make sure nerves, muscles, and heart and brain work the way they should the process of regulating extracellular fluid volume, body osmolality, plasma concentrations - Ans:- fluid and electrolyte balance ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/8 what populations are at greatest risk for fluid and electrolyte disturbances - Ans:-neonates and infants developmentally delayed elderly health disparities are fluid and electrolyte disturbance s/s specific or nonspecific? - Ans:-nonspecific VS in fluid volume deficit - Ans:-hypoTN and tachycardia VS in fluid volume increase - Ans:-hyperTN s/s of hypocalcemia? - Ans:-tetany normal range for Na+ - Ans:-135-145 normal range for K+ - Ans:-3.5-5 normal range for Cl- - Ans:-95-105 normal range for HcO3 - Ans:-22-28 normal BUN - Ans:-7-18 ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/8 normal Cr - Ans:-0.6-1.2 normal glucose - Ans:-70-120 hyponatremia - Ans:-Na is less than 135 assessment finding in hyponatremia - Ans:-decreased LOC what is given to treat hyponatremia - Ans:-hypertonic solution hypernatremia - Ans:-Na is greater than 145 s/s of hypernatremia - Ans:-restless, thirst, delusional, twitching medical mangement of hypernatremia - Ans:-hypotonic solution (0.45 NS) and diruetics hypokalemia occurs when potassium is - Ans:-less than 3.5 what is the main thing you should monitor for in a patient with hypokalemia - Ans:-cardiac arrhythmias a flat T wave and a U wave is associated with - Ans:-hypokalemia hyperkalemia occurs when potassium is - Ans:-greater than 5 risk fx of hyperkalemia - Ans:-diet hight in K+, ACE inhibitors, burn pts ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/8 peaked T waves is a sign of - Ans:-hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia occurs when calcium is - Ans:-less than 8.5 causes of hypocalcemia - Ans:-inadequate parathyroid or pituitary s/s of hypocalcemia - Ans:-- muscle twitches/tetany - hyperactive DTRs - positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching) - positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation) - seizures hypercalcemia occurs when calcium is - Ans:-greater than 10.5 risk factors for hypercalcemia - Ans:-malignancy examples of isotonic solutions - Ans:-0.9 NS LR examples of hypotonic solutions - Ans:-0.45 NaCl examples of hypertonic solutions - Ans:-3 or 5% NaCl