©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NUR968: The Internal Environment; The
Cell & Its Functions; Transport Through
Cell Membranes Practice Questions and
Answers
How much does INTRACELLULAR fluid account for of total body water (TBW)? - Ans:✔✔-2/3 (distributed
within the cell)
How much does EXTRACELLULAR fluid account for of total body water (TBW)? - Ans:✔✔-1/3 (distributed
outside the cell)
What makes up extracellular fluid? (2) - Ans:✔✔-1. Interstitial fluid
2. Intravascular fluid
a. __: fluid distributed within the cell
b. __: fluid that is outside of the cell
c. __: fluid in the blood vessels - Ans:✔✔-a. Intracellular
Page 1/41
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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b. Interstitial
c. Intravascular
What is the actual "internal environment?" - Ans:✔✔-Extracellular fluid
-The "bath water" that surrounds the cells & contains nutrients & ions needed to maintain cell life
True or false: Ions & fluids are distributed differently between compartments - Ans:✔✔-True
For cells to live, they must be suspended in an environment that supports life. How much of the ADULT
human body is comprised of water?*** - Ans:✔✔-60% (2/3)
-Even greater water % in children
Where does the water outside the cell reside? (2) - Ans:✔✔-1. Interstitial fluid
2. Intravascular fluid
Which part of the internal environment can we directly manipulate in anesthesia? - Ans:✔✔-
Intravascular component
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
True or false: The extracellular fluid is in constant motion throughout the body & between
compartments - Ans:✔✔-True
What's critical to note about ion & water concentration while the extracellular fluid is in motion & moves
between compartments? - Ans:✔✔-Ion & water concentration distributes differently between the
compartments
True or false: There are large differences between intra- & extracellular ion concentrations. If these
concentrations are not maintained, cellular enzymatic functions, metabolism, cell growth, cell
reproduction, cell communication, & neuron & muscle function is thrown off - Ans:✔✔-True
Which ions are predominately intracellular? (4)*** - Ans:✔✔-1. Potassium
2. Magnesium
3. Proteins
4. Amino acids
Which ions are predominately extracellular? (4)*** - Ans:✔✔-1. Sodium
2. Chloride
3. Calcium
4. Glucose
Page 3/41
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is the normal intracellular pH? Normal extracellular pH? - Ans:✔✔-Intra - 7.0 (more acidotic)
Extra - 7.4
What is the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment?*** - Ans:✔✔-
Homeostasis
-All organs & tissues perform functions that help maintain this
-The human body functions optimally within a tightly defined environment
-Deviation from that defined environment results in poor cellular function, organ function, & body
function
What are some examples of how organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis? - Ans:✔✔-1.
Skin - temperature control & acts as a barrier to harmful chemicals, bacteria, & viruses
2. Kidneys - maintain pH balance, ion concentration, fluid balance, drug excretion & hormone release, BP
regulator via RAAS
3. Lungs - maintain pH balance, bring O2 in, CO2 elimination, conversion site for some hormones such as
angiotensin II, protect the heart anatomically
Page 4/41
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NUR968: The Internal Environment; The
Cell & Its Functions; Transport Through
Cell Membranes Practice Questions and
Answers
How much does INTRACELLULAR fluid account for of total body water (TBW)? - Ans:✔✔-2/3 (distributed
within the cell)
How much does EXTRACELLULAR fluid account for of total body water (TBW)? - Ans:✔✔-1/3 (distributed
outside the cell)
What makes up extracellular fluid? (2) - Ans:✔✔-1. Interstitial fluid
2. Intravascular fluid
a. __: fluid distributed within the cell
b. __: fluid that is outside of the cell
c. __: fluid in the blood vessels - Ans:✔✔-a. Intracellular
Page 1/41
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
b. Interstitial
c. Intravascular
What is the actual "internal environment?" - Ans:✔✔-Extracellular fluid
-The "bath water" that surrounds the cells & contains nutrients & ions needed to maintain cell life
True or false: Ions & fluids are distributed differently between compartments - Ans:✔✔-True
For cells to live, they must be suspended in an environment that supports life. How much of the ADULT
human body is comprised of water?*** - Ans:✔✔-60% (2/3)
-Even greater water % in children
Where does the water outside the cell reside? (2) - Ans:✔✔-1. Interstitial fluid
2. Intravascular fluid
Which part of the internal environment can we directly manipulate in anesthesia? - Ans:✔✔-
Intravascular component
Page 2/41
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
True or false: The extracellular fluid is in constant motion throughout the body & between
compartments - Ans:✔✔-True
What's critical to note about ion & water concentration while the extracellular fluid is in motion & moves
between compartments? - Ans:✔✔-Ion & water concentration distributes differently between the
compartments
True or false: There are large differences between intra- & extracellular ion concentrations. If these
concentrations are not maintained, cellular enzymatic functions, metabolism, cell growth, cell
reproduction, cell communication, & neuron & muscle function is thrown off - Ans:✔✔-True
Which ions are predominately intracellular? (4)*** - Ans:✔✔-1. Potassium
2. Magnesium
3. Proteins
4. Amino acids
Which ions are predominately extracellular? (4)*** - Ans:✔✔-1. Sodium
2. Chloride
3. Calcium
4. Glucose
Page 3/41
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is the normal intracellular pH? Normal extracellular pH? - Ans:✔✔-Intra - 7.0 (more acidotic)
Extra - 7.4
What is the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment?*** - Ans:✔✔-
Homeostasis
-All organs & tissues perform functions that help maintain this
-The human body functions optimally within a tightly defined environment
-Deviation from that defined environment results in poor cellular function, organ function, & body
function
What are some examples of how organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis? - Ans:✔✔-1.
Skin - temperature control & acts as a barrier to harmful chemicals, bacteria, & viruses
2. Kidneys - maintain pH balance, ion concentration, fluid balance, drug excretion & hormone release, BP
regulator via RAAS
3. Lungs - maintain pH balance, bring O2 in, CO2 elimination, conversion site for some hormones such as
angiotensin II, protect the heart anatomically
Page 4/41
