NURS 236 Midterm #1 Review Study Guide Solutions

NURS 236 Midterm #1 Review Study Guide Solutions Medically relevant MOs - Ans:-bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, multicellular animal parasites How do we distinguish between MOs - Ans:-Appearance- number/type/shape/arrangement Functioning- reproduction/diet/movement Genetic traits- DNA sequences Bacteria definition - Ans:-microscopic single cell organism present everywhere by the millions Bacteria appearance - Ans:-unicellular, prokaryotic, bacilli/cocci/spirillum in different arrangements, cell walls made of peptidoglycan Bacteria function - Ans:-reproduce by binary fission, some use flagella for movement, nutrition can be environmental (inorganic chemicals & photosynthesis) or organic (living or dead organisms) Fungus definition - Ans:-spore producing organism Fungi appearance - Ans:-unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (molds/mushrooms), eukaryotic, most have cell walls made of chitin ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/22 Fugus function - Ans:-either sexual or nonsexual reproduction, nutrition from the environment (organic matter) or from the host Viruses definition - Ans:-obligate intracellular parasite Virus appearance - Ans:-acellular, protein capsid, some have envelopes Virus function - Ans:-reproduction & nutrition requires host cell machinery Virus genetic traits - Ans:-only one type of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) Protozoa appearance - Ans:-unicellular, eukaryotic, misc. grouping of organisms Protozoa function - Ans:-flagella/pseudopods/cilia, sexual or asexual reproduction, nutrition from environment (free living), host (parasites), and photosynthesis Multicellular animal parasite examples - Ans:-helminths (parasitic worms) ex. roundworms (nematodes) & flatworms (platyhelminths) and Arthropods (mosquitos/ticks/mites/fleas/lice) Jenner 1796 - Ans:-discovered the small pox vaccine Pasteur 1880 - Ans:-discovered fowl cholera vaccine Study of parasites - Ans:-parasitology Study of fungi - Ans:-mycology ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/22 Study of the immune system - Ans:-immunology Study of bacteria - Ans:-bacteriology Study of viruses - Ans:-virology Study of protozoa - Ans:-protozoology Define emerging infectious disease - Ans:-Presence of pathogen causes disease and is transmissible between people. Diseases have not been seen before Define reemerging infectious disease & example - Ans:-diseases that have changed to present a new threat or potential threat. Ex. SARS-COV2 to COVID-19 Emerging infectious disease examples - Ans:-influenza (H1N1 swine flu and H5N1 avian flu), antibiotic resistance (Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, & tuberculosis), west Nile, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, hemorrhagic fevers, HIV/AIDS, zoonoses, COVID 19 Define magnification - Ans:-How much larger is the image compared to the actual size of the sample. What does magnification depend on - Ans:-the glass of the lens Define resolution - Ans:-How far apart can 2 distinct points be distinguished What does resolution depend on - Ans:-Depends on the glass of the lens and the wavelength of the light ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/22 2 types of microscopy - Ans:-light and electron microscopy Define light microscopy - Ans:-uses light to illuminate the sample Define electron microscopy - Ans:-uses beams of accelerated electrons to illuminate the sample How can light microscopy kill samples - Ans:-the dyes used and the heat from the light can kill samples How can electron microscopy kill/alter samples - Ans:-the heavy metals