NURS 236 - Midterm 2 Exam Questions and Answers

NURS 236 - Midterm 2 Exam Questions and Answers Sterilization - Ans:-removing and destroying all MOs (including endospores) Example: Cleaning of surgical instruments Disinfection - Ans:-treatment that kills or inhibits the growth of harmful MOS Example: cleaning a hospital room between patients Sanitization - Ans:-reduction of microbial contamination to levels safe by public health standards Example: food preparation areas Antisepsis - Ans:-disinfection of living sample, such as skin Example: showering before a surgery Degerming - Ans:-antisepsis of a limited area Example: cleaning skin before IV insertion Asepsis - Ans:-absence of significant contamination ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/29 Biocide/germicide - Ans:-treatments that kill living cells Bacteriostasis - Ans:-treatment that halts or prevents continued growth of bacteria Which form of microbial control is the most powerful? - Ans:-Sterilization Which form of microbial control is the least powerful? - Ans:-Bacteriostasis opportunistic infection - Ans:-an infection that causes disease when the immune system is compromised for other reasons What are the 4 control agent activities? - Ans:-physical/chemical, plasma membrane, proteins, nucleic acids Physical Methods - Boiling water - Ans:-Influenced by air pressure Kills MOs in 10min Hepatitis in 30min Endospores up to 2h Physical Methods - Autoclaving - Ans:-Uses pressurized steam to get high temps, requires exposure to move steam Kills endospores in 15min ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/29 Cannot kill prion Physical Methods - Moist Heat - Ans:-pasteurization Physical Methods - Dry Heat - Ans:-flaming, incineration, hot air sterilization Physical Methods - Low Heat - Ans:-depends on what is being sterilized. 4C - -20C Physical Methods - Filtration - Ans:-physical separation of of MOs out of a sample based on size Only liquids or gases Health environments use HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) Filters Membrane sterilization of liquids -- heat sensitive Physical Methods - Dessication - Ans:-removing water needed for survival, many go dormant the state of extreme dryness Neissaria gonorrhae - 1h Mycobacterium tuberculosis - months Endospores - centuries ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/29 Physical Methods - Ionizing radiation (X rays and gamma rays) - Ans:-greater penetrating power uses for sterilization of food, pharmaceuticals, disposable medical implements Physical Methods - Nonionizing radiation (UV) - Ans:-less penetrating power room sterilization mutation of DNA Chemical Methods for cleaning - Ans:-Triclosan (bisphenol), Chlorhexidine, Alcohols, Soaps, Quats, Aldehydes (only chemical agent that can sterilize) Nanoparticles - Ans:-90% of removal potential for heavy metals Phenol - Ans:-disruption of plasma membrane, denaturation of enzymes irritation and strong odor Phenolics - Ans:-disruption of plasma membrane, denaturatio