NURS 3080 Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions

NURS 3080 Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia) - Ans:-Abnormal changes in size, shape, and organization of mature cells Metaplasia - Ans:-Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another cell type, frequently one less differentiated. Found in association with tissue damage, repair, and regeneration Hypoxia - Ans:-the lack of sufficient oxygen within cells Reactive Oxygen Species - Ans:-reactive molecules from molecular oxygen formed as a natural oxidant species in cells during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation. Injury caused by this is called oxidative stress Blunt force injuries - Ans:-mechanical injury to body in tearing, shearing, or crushing caused by blows/impacts Abrasion - Ans:-surface layers of the skin (epidermis) has been broken; scrape Lacerations - Ans:-tear or rip resulting when the strength of skin/tissue is exceeded; has ragged and irregular with abraded edges ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/5 Xenobiotics - Ans:-chemicals that have toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic properties Caseous necrosis - Ans:-occurs when dead cells disintegrate, but the debris is not completely hydrolyzed; soft and granular tissues form as the end-product, resembling clumped cheese Coagulative necrosis - Ans:-occurs as a result of protein denaturation, where albumin is transformed from a gelatinous, transparent state into a firm, opaque substance. Occurs most commonly in the HEART Liquefactive necrosis - Ans:-results from ischemic injury to neurons and glial cells in the brain; causes cells to be digested by their own hydrolases as the tissue becomes soft and liquified. Occurs most commonly in the BRAIN Fatty necrosis - Ans:-cellular dissolution caused by lipases, potent enzymes found in the breast and abdominal structures, especially within the pancreas Pallor mortis - Ans:-surface of the skin becomes pale and yellowish, marking the first stage after death Algor mortis - Ans:-The second stage after death that is defined as a decrease in body temperature Rigor mortis - Ans:-The third stage after death that is characterized by stiffening of muscles Livor mortis - Ans:-the fourth stage of death in which gravity causes blood to settle in dependent tissues resulting in a prominent blue-purple discoloration of skin over these regions ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/5 Putrefaction - Ans:-the fifth stage after death when tissues and organs of the body lose cohesiveness as they break down into gaseous and liquid matter. largely driven by the action of bacteria present both within the body and in the external environment Decomposition - Ans:-the sixth stage after death when the organic matter of the body is broken down into elemental matter and recycled in the earth's biosphere. skeletonization - Ans:-the seventh and final stage after death occurs when the various tissues of the body have degraded and decayed to the point of exposing the skeleton Anemia - Ans:-condition in which there is too few erythrocyt