NURS 4600 Pharm - Exam 4 Anesthesia Study Guide

NURS 4600 Pharm - Exam 4 Anesthesia Study Guide local anethesia MOA - Ans:-stops axonal conduction by blocking sodium channels. all nerve conduction is lost - loss of sensation AND motor activity local anesthesia adverse reactions - Ans:-CNS excitation followed by depression, bradycardia, allergic reactions, paresthesia, anxiety, tremors, tinnitus, vasodilatation. local anesthesia infiltration - Ans:-involves injecting the local anesthetic solution directly ---dental surgery and suturing. nerve block - local anesthesia - Ans:-injection of a local anesthetic along a nerve before it reaches the surgical site-allows large amounts of an anesthesia to be delivered to a specific area without effecting the whole body. Intravenous regional anesthesia - Ans:-anesthetize extremities---injection into distal vein. Epidural vs. Spinal anesthesia - Ans:-Epidural---via a small catheter a local anesthetic given outside the dura mater so that the nerve roots are blocked at the point after they emerge from the dura mater (pain management). ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/8 Spinal---injecting into the subarachnoid or epidural space---blocks nerve roots of lower body---different nerve roots can be anesthetized. wet tap - Ans:-- leaking csf fluid - *postural headache* that is worse wtith sitting up and improved with lying down after delivery What are the two main types of local anesthetics? - Ans:-amides and esters Amide anesthetics MOA - Ans:-Stabilizes the neuronal membrane by binding to and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses and effecting local anesthesia. prototype - lidocaine esters MOA and prototype - Ans:-Decreases the influx of sodium into the nerve cell and depresses depolarization to prevent conduction of the nerve impulse. Chloroprocaine Which local anesthetic has increased risk of allergic reactions? - Ans:-esters have more allergic rxns ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/8 inhaled anesthetics endings - Ans:--flurane or -thane nitrous oxide - Ans:-Nitrous Oxide---(gas) low potency and limited to minor surgical procedures or in combination with IV anesthetic agents - oldest of all anesthetics. How do you get rid of inhaled anesthetics in the system? - Ans:-cough and deep breathing inhaled anesthetics MOA - Ans:-enhancing transmission at inhibitory synapses & depressing transmission of excitatory synapses---interacts with multiple receptors in the brain---inhibits neurotransmitters that activate the RAS---easily cross the BBB