NURS1005 Exam Practice Questions and Answers

NURS1005 Exam Practice Questions and Answers identify the products that macromolecules (fat, protein and carbohydrates) are broken down into during catabolism - Ans:-fats: fatty acids and glycerol proteins: amino acids carbohydrates: simple sugars functions of carbohydrates in the body - Ans:-provides raw energy needed for energy production, stores energy and build macromolecules functions fats in the body - Ans:-triglycerides, cholesterol insulate and protect vital organs, stores energy fuel functions of proteins in the body - Ans:-repair and build body tissues, allows metabolic reactions to take place, coordinated bodily functions, maintains proper pH and fluid balance how the function of proteins may be influenced by alterations such as heat and pH - Ans:-changes shape when there are alterations in temperature and pH. They may denature and therefore affect their lock and key mechanisms. physical alterations that lead to vomiting - Ans:-- severe pain ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/19 - distension of the stomach or duodenum - trauma to the testes, ovaries, bladder or kidney - ipecac or copper salts in the duodenum outline the clinical manifestation that you may observe in a patient who has experienced severe vomiting for several days - Ans:-- symptomatic dehydrations and electrolyte abnormalities - in extreme circumstances: esophageal tear discuss possible causes and the complications that can result from upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Ans:-- peptic ulcer disease, liver cirrhosis and cancer - complications: diarrhoea, anaemia, elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) discuss the physical alterations that can lead to increased gastric acid production - Ans:-- increase in the no. of parietal/chief cells - decrease in the inhibition of gastric secretions - increased sensitivity to food/other stimuli such as: caffeine and histamine - excessive vagal stimulation discuss the physical alterations that can lead to decreased mucous production in the stomach - Ans:-- ischemia: loss of integrity of mucosa ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/19 - sympathetic stimulation: decreases secretions - bile or pancreatic enzyme reflux - H. Pylori colonisation discuss the treatments that could alleviate symptoms observed in celiac disease and lactose intolerance - Ans:-- gluten-free diet - diary-free diet explain how the stomach protects itself from gastric acid - Ans:-mucosal barrier protects the stomach from self-digestion, including a thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus; neutralises gastric acid compare and contrast the causes and pathophysiology of osmotic and secretory diarrhoea - Ans:- osmotic diarrhoea: eating substances that cannot be absorbed. The result of too many solutes in the intestines. Bowel movements are loose. secretory diarrhoea: body secretes electrolytes into the intestine and causes water to build up. pneumothorax pathophysiology - Ans:-air enters the pleural space separating the visceral and parietal pleura destroying the negative space pneumothorax signs and symptoms - Ans:-SOB, chest pain, sharp pain when inhaling, pressure in the chest that worsens, cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/19 pneumothorax complications - Ans:-effusion, hemorrhage, respiratory failure, empsyema (pus gathering in pleural space) emphysema pathophysiology - Ans:-decrease of lung elasticity, abnormal dilation of the alveoli emphysema signs and symptoms - Ans:-pink and pursed lips (to remove CO2), barrel chest, rapid respiratory rate, not cyanotic emphysema complications - Ans:-pneumothorax, heart problems, large holes in the lungs chronic bronchitis pathophysiology - Ans:-mucous gland hypertrophy (leading to hyper secretion), hyperplasia (increase in the number of cells in an organ)