UCONN PNB 2264 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers

UCONN PNB 2264 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers Structure/function relationship - Ans:-Structure is adapted to function Hierarchy of Organization - Ans:-structure is adapted to function Homeostasis - Ans:-Not an equilibrium, rather a "dynamic steady state or dynamic constancy" within narrow limits around the set point Body Fluid Compartments - Ans:-Intracellular fluid (67%) Extracellular fluid interstitial fluid (26%) blood plasma (7%) Definition of Homeostasis - Ans:-Dynamic steady state of conditions in the body (especially the extracellular fluid) Components of a Control System - Ans:-Physiological variable ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/9 Set point/normal range (set by controller) Sensor/receptor Integrating (control) center- compares to set point, programs response Effector (carries out response) Closed Loop Negative Feedback - Ans:-Change in body temperature if the room temperature decreases Negative because the response returns regulated variable toward set point (response removes the stimulus) Hormone - Ans:-Target cells in one or more distant places in the body Neurotransmitter - Ans:-Neuron or effector cell in close proximity to site of neurotransmitter release Paracrine substance - Ans:-target cells in close proximity to site of release of paracrine substance Autocrine substance - Ans:-autocrine substance acts on same cell that secreted the substance Closed loop, positive feddback - Ans:-response of the effector reinforced the stimulus ex. blood clotting Bad positive feedback - Ans:-cardiogenic shock ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/9 Feedback Systems - Ans:-closed loop negative feedback control keeps conditions relatively stable closed loop, positive feedback control may promote useful change (labor contractions, blood clotting) or may cause disaster (end-stage circulatory shock) Open loop/ feed forward regulation - Ans:-response has no feedback Hydrogen is attached to oxygen via.... - Ans:-polar covalent bonds "sticky" water molecules - Ans:-hydrogen bonds are attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different (eg. oxygen) Water's importance to life - Ans:-most effective solvent known many compounds ionize-- electrolytes reactive (dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis) high heat capacity provides lubrication and cushioning Tissues - Ans:-collections of cells and cell products that perform specific functions 4 Tissues types - Ans:-epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/9 Epithelial Tissue Overview - Ans:-Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, forms glands Epithelial Cell Characteristics - Ans:-Cellularity (cell junctions) Polarity (apical and basal surfaces) Attachment (basal lamina/basement membrane) Avascularity Regenerative Functions of Epithelial Tissue - Ans:-Provide physical prote