©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
PNB 2274 Exam 4 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Neurons - Ans:✔✔--Send and receive electrical and chemical signals
-Excitable
Neuroglia/glial cells - Ans:✔✔--Support and protect neurons
-May be involved in signal transduction
Neuron characteristics - Ans:✔✔--High metabolic rate
-Extreme longevity
-Nonmitotic
Unipolar neuron - Ans:✔✔--Very long axon that's fused to dendrites
-Uncommon in humans
Bipolar neuron - Ans:✔✔--One dendrite and one axon
Multipolar neuron - Ans:✔✔--Most common
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-One axon and multiple dendrites
Sensory/afferent neuron - Ans:✔✔-Sends impulse from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
Motor/efferent neuron - Ans:✔✔-Sends impulse from the CNS to muscles or glands
Interneuron - Ans:✔✔-Helps sensory and motor neurons communicate
What type of cells are most likely to be involved in brain tumors? - Ans:✔✔-Glial cells
Characteristics of glial cells - Ans:✔✔--In both CNS and PNS
-Mitotic
-Protect and nourish neurons
-Much more abundant than neurons
-Smaller than neurons
Astrocytes - Ans:✔✔--Maintain BBB
-Generate scaffolding for CNS
-Repair damaged neural tissue
-Cell development
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-Regulates interstitial environment
Which neural cells develop first and what cells develop them? - Ans:✔✔--Glial cells
-Astrocytes
Choroid plexus - Ans:✔✔-Branching network of mostly ependymal cells that produces cerebrospinal fluid
in brain ventricles
Ependymal cells - Ans:✔✔--Ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells lining the brain ventricles and the central
canal of the spinal cord
-Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and make up the choroid plexus
-Share characteristics with stem cells
Microglial cells - Ans:✔✔--Small and motile
-Use phagocytosis to remove cell waste
Oligodendrocytes - Ans:✔✔--Only located in the CNS
-Wrap around axons and produce myelin
-Only glial cells that can synapse with neurons
What are oligodendrocytes called when they form synapses with neurons? - Ans:✔✔-Progenitor cells
Page 3/23
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
PNB 2274 Exam 4 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Neurons - Ans:✔✔--Send and receive electrical and chemical signals
-Excitable
Neuroglia/glial cells - Ans:✔✔--Support and protect neurons
-May be involved in signal transduction
Neuron characteristics - Ans:✔✔--High metabolic rate
-Extreme longevity
-Nonmitotic
Unipolar neuron - Ans:✔✔--Very long axon that's fused to dendrites
-Uncommon in humans
Bipolar neuron - Ans:✔✔--One dendrite and one axon
Multipolar neuron - Ans:✔✔--Most common
Page 1/23
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-One axon and multiple dendrites
Sensory/afferent neuron - Ans:✔✔-Sends impulse from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
Motor/efferent neuron - Ans:✔✔-Sends impulse from the CNS to muscles or glands
Interneuron - Ans:✔✔-Helps sensory and motor neurons communicate
What type of cells are most likely to be involved in brain tumors? - Ans:✔✔-Glial cells
Characteristics of glial cells - Ans:✔✔--In both CNS and PNS
-Mitotic
-Protect and nourish neurons
-Much more abundant than neurons
-Smaller than neurons
Astrocytes - Ans:✔✔--Maintain BBB
-Generate scaffolding for CNS
-Repair damaged neural tissue
-Cell development
Page 2/23
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-Regulates interstitial environment
Which neural cells develop first and what cells develop them? - Ans:✔✔--Glial cells
-Astrocytes
Choroid plexus - Ans:✔✔-Branching network of mostly ependymal cells that produces cerebrospinal fluid
in brain ventricles
Ependymal cells - Ans:✔✔--Ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells lining the brain ventricles and the central
canal of the spinal cord
-Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and make up the choroid plexus
-Share characteristics with stem cells
Microglial cells - Ans:✔✔--Small and motile
-Use phagocytosis to remove cell waste
Oligodendrocytes - Ans:✔✔--Only located in the CNS
-Wrap around axons and produce myelin
-Only glial cells that can synapse with neurons
What are oligodendrocytes called when they form synapses with neurons? - Ans:✔✔-Progenitor cells
Page 3/23
