PNG 2251 Health and illness Neurovascular Disorders Exam Study Guide

PNG 2251 Health and illness Neurovascular Disorders Exam Study Guide Lumbar Puncture - Ans:-CSF is taken to diagnose infections and other CNS disorders headache - Ans:-loss of CSF can cause this symptom Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Ans:-used to detect seizure activity and looks at the electrical activity of the brain anticonvulsants, sedatives and stimulants - Ans:-What medications should be held 48 Hours before an EEG? Brain Scan - Ans:-detects pattern of distribution of radioactive isotope that has been injected IV it is used to diagnose tumours, mkeatomas and occlusions Cerebral angiogram - Ans:-a computer image detects abnormalities in carotid and cerebral blood vessels CT of the head - Ans:-this test shows intracranial structures ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/13 MRI of the head - Ans:-creates images of intracranial structures without radiation scalp injury - Ans:-A _______ ________ is a laceration, contusion, abrasion or hematoma to the head that bleeds profusely Concussion - Ans:-there is no visible injury to the brain or skull but with a _________ there is loss of consciousness lasting less than 5 minutes. There may be nausea, vomiting and amnesia subdural and epidural - Ans:-what are the two types of hematoma? Subdural Hematoma - Ans:-usually this results from the tearing of the veins that drain the brain, allowing blood to accumulate in the space between the dura Epidural Hematoma - Ans:-forms in the space between the inner surface of the skill and the dura, arterial bleeding. They usually have a loss of consciousness and a brief lucid period before losing consciousness again craniotomy or burrholes - Ans:-What are some treatments for a hematoma? Ineffective tissue perfusion - Ans:-________ __________ ________ when increased, can impair cerebral blood flow increased ICP - Ans:-what are the following treatments used for. Give mannitol, vitals (including GCS) q5mins and elevate HOB 30 degrees ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/13 ineffective breathing pattern - Ans:-ICP can cause this if there is pressure on the reticular activating system thats why it is an important NDx for a patient with a head injury thinking, sensation, emotion and language - Ans:-A TBI can cause a wide range of functional short and longer term changes affecting these 4 areas Traumatic Brain Injury - Ans:-This can cause epilepsy, and increase the risk of Alzheimers, Parkinson's and tiger brain disorders cummulative neurological and cognitive defects - Ans:-Repeated TBI's can cause this Meningitis - Ans:-inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord caused by viruses or bacteria headache, stiffness of back/neck, irritability, diminished LOC, photophobia - Ans:-What are some S&S of meningitis ineffective Tissue perfusion, acute pain, ineffective breathing pattern, risk for injury, deficient fluid volume - Ans:-What are some possible NDx's for a person with