©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Regis NU-713 Final Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
Kaplan-Meier Method formula - Ans:✔✔-the simplest way of computing the survival over time in spite
of all these difficulties associated with subjects or situations. For each time interval, survival probability
is calculated as the number of subjects surviving divided by the number of patients at risk
Information bias - Ans:✔✔-The means for obtaining information about subjects is inadequate, and
outcomes are incorrect
Surveillance bias - Ans:✔✔-May result in erroneous estimates of the relative risk or odds ratio by paying
closer attention to a monitored population
It has been suggested that physicians may examine women who use oral contraceptives more often or
more thoroughly than women who do not. If so, and if an association is observed between phlebitis and
oral contraceptive use, the association may be due to: - Ans:✔✔-surveillance bias
Bias - Ans:✔✔-Any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a
mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Selection bias - Ans:✔✔-A focus on effects rather than causes, which can lead to inaccurate conclusions
about correlation or causation
USPSTF Grade A - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net
benefit is substantial. Offer or provide this service.
USPSTF Grade B - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net
benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial. Offer
or provide this service.
USPSTF Grade C - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends selectively offering or providing this service to
individual patients based on professional judgment and patient preferences. There is at least moderate
certainty that the net benefit is small. Offer or provide this service for selected patients depending on
individual circumstances.
USPSTF Grade D - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends against the service. There is moderate or high
certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits. Discourage the use
of this service.
USPSTF Grade I - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the
balance of benefits and harms of the service. Evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, and the
balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. Read the clinical considerations section of USPSTF
Recommendation Statement. If the service is offered, patients should understand the uncertainty about
the balance of benefits and harms.
Page 2/11
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Regis NU-713 Final Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
Kaplan-Meier Method formula - Ans:✔✔-the simplest way of computing the survival over time in spite
of all these difficulties associated with subjects or situations. For each time interval, survival probability
is calculated as the number of subjects surviving divided by the number of patients at risk
Information bias - Ans:✔✔-The means for obtaining information about subjects is inadequate, and
outcomes are incorrect
Surveillance bias - Ans:✔✔-May result in erroneous estimates of the relative risk or odds ratio by paying
closer attention to a monitored population
It has been suggested that physicians may examine women who use oral contraceptives more often or
more thoroughly than women who do not. If so, and if an association is observed between phlebitis and
oral contraceptive use, the association may be due to: - Ans:✔✔-surveillance bias
Bias - Ans:✔✔-Any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a
mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease
Page 1/11
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Selection bias - Ans:✔✔-A focus on effects rather than causes, which can lead to inaccurate conclusions
about correlation or causation
USPSTF Grade A - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net
benefit is substantial. Offer or provide this service.
USPSTF Grade B - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net
benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial. Offer
or provide this service.
USPSTF Grade C - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends selectively offering or providing this service to
individual patients based on professional judgment and patient preferences. There is at least moderate
certainty that the net benefit is small. Offer or provide this service for selected patients depending on
individual circumstances.
USPSTF Grade D - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF recommends against the service. There is moderate or high
certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits. Discourage the use
of this service.
USPSTF Grade I - Ans:✔✔-The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the
balance of benefits and harms of the service. Evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, and the
balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. Read the clinical considerations section of USPSTF
Recommendation Statement. If the service is offered, patients should understand the uncertainty about
the balance of benefits and harms.
Page 2/11
