Urinary System: Regulation - ANSWER -glomerular filtration -blood
circulates every 4-5 minutes
-Tubular reabsorption- H2O & Na+
-Urine concentration -determines where H2O goes
* regulates acid/base balance, electrolyte, and fluid balance
Urine: pH and Amount - ANSWER - pH 4.8-8(normally around 6)
-1-2liters per day
*Veggies more alkaline
*Meat more acidic
-95% H2O
-5% waste and solutes
Urinary System: Excretion-Elimination - ANSWER -excretes metabolic
waste in urine
-excretes or conserves H2O and solutes
*Determined by how much you take in and other systems in the body
Urinary System: Hormonal - ANSWER -Erythropoietin: stimulates bone
marrow to produce RBC
* Renal damage can cause anemia
-Renin: helps to regulate blood pressure
* responds to low volume in the renal artery and constricts vessels and
retains water
-Vit. D: activation
Urinary System: Changes w/ age - ANSWER -loss of nephrons and the
muscle thickens
-GFR decreases by less than half by age 80
-renal function decreases
-loss of erythropoietin causing anemia
-bladder muscle weakens and is replaced with connective tissue
, * this leads the inability to empty all the way
-urine production does not decrease at night
-incontinence in female
-obstruction in male
* less able to concentrate or dilute urine
* slower excretion of medication
UA - ANSWER -20-30ml urine needed
-color
-pH
-specific gravity
-glucose
-protein
-bilirubin
Culture and Sensitivity - ANSWER -either mid stream clean catch or
catheter
-detects bacteria
- > then 100000 indicates UTI
Creatinine clearance - ANSWER - measurement of the rate at which
creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
-85-125ml/day in 24 hour urine specimen
-Best test for kidney function
Creatinine - ANSWER -0.6-1.5ml/dL
- waste product of skeletal muscle breaking down
-compared with clearance to determine filtration
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER -8-25ml/dL
-waste product of protein break down
Uric acid - ANSWER -2-7mg/dL
-High levels are noted in gout, infections, kidney disease, alcoholism,
high protein diets, and with toxemia in pregnancy. -Low levels may be
indicative of kidney disease, malabsorption, poor diet, liver damage or
an overly acid kidney
circulates every 4-5 minutes
-Tubular reabsorption- H2O & Na+
-Urine concentration -determines where H2O goes
* regulates acid/base balance, electrolyte, and fluid balance
Urine: pH and Amount - ANSWER - pH 4.8-8(normally around 6)
-1-2liters per day
*Veggies more alkaline
*Meat more acidic
-95% H2O
-5% waste and solutes
Urinary System: Excretion-Elimination - ANSWER -excretes metabolic
waste in urine
-excretes or conserves H2O and solutes
*Determined by how much you take in and other systems in the body
Urinary System: Hormonal - ANSWER -Erythropoietin: stimulates bone
marrow to produce RBC
* Renal damage can cause anemia
-Renin: helps to regulate blood pressure
* responds to low volume in the renal artery and constricts vessels and
retains water
-Vit. D: activation
Urinary System: Changes w/ age - ANSWER -loss of nephrons and the
muscle thickens
-GFR decreases by less than half by age 80
-renal function decreases
-loss of erythropoietin causing anemia
-bladder muscle weakens and is replaced with connective tissue
, * this leads the inability to empty all the way
-urine production does not decrease at night
-incontinence in female
-obstruction in male
* less able to concentrate or dilute urine
* slower excretion of medication
UA - ANSWER -20-30ml urine needed
-color
-pH
-specific gravity
-glucose
-protein
-bilirubin
Culture and Sensitivity - ANSWER -either mid stream clean catch or
catheter
-detects bacteria
- > then 100000 indicates UTI
Creatinine clearance - ANSWER - measurement of the rate at which
creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
-85-125ml/day in 24 hour urine specimen
-Best test for kidney function
Creatinine - ANSWER -0.6-1.5ml/dL
- waste product of skeletal muscle breaking down
-compared with clearance to determine filtration
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER -8-25ml/dL
-waste product of protein break down
Uric acid - ANSWER -2-7mg/dL
-High levels are noted in gout, infections, kidney disease, alcoholism,
high protein diets, and with toxemia in pregnancy. -Low levels may be
indicative of kidney disease, malabsorption, poor diet, liver damage or
an overly acid kidney
